茶
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Translingual
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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Han character
茶 (radical 140, 艸+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 廿人木 (TOD), four-corner 44904, composition ⿳艹𠆢朩(GV) or ⿳艹𠆢木(HTJK))
References
- KangXi: page 1029, character 4
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30915
- Dae Jaweon: page 1488, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 5, page 3207, character 2
- Unihan data for U+8336
Chinese
| trad. | 茶 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 茶 | |
Glyph origin
| Characters in the same phonetic series (余) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 斜 | *lja, *laː |
| 茶 | *rlaː |
| 荼 | *rlaː, *ɦlja, *l'aː |
| 梌 | *rlaː, *l̥ʰaː, *l'aː |
| 搽 | *rlaː |
| 塗 | *rlaː, *l'aː |
| 佘 | *ɦlja |
| 賒 | *hljaː |
| 畬 | *hljaː, *la |
| 舍 | *hljaːʔ, *hljaːs |
| 捨 | *hljaːʔ |
| 騇 | *hljaːʔ, *hljaːs |
| 涻 | *hljaːs |
| 稌 | *l̥ʰaː, *l̥ʰaːʔ |
| 悇 | *l̥ʰaː, *l̥ʰas, *las |
| 庩 | *l̥ʰaː |
| 捈 | *l̥ʰaː, *l'aː |
| 途 | *l'aː |
| 酴 | *l'aː |
| 駼 | *l'aː |
| 鵌 | *l'aː, *la |
| 涂 | *l'aː, *l'a |
| 嵞 | *l'aː |
| 峹 | *l'aː |
| 筡 | *l'aː, *l̥ʰa |
| 蒤 | *l'aː |
| 徐 | *lja |
| 俆 | *lja |
| 叙 | *ljaʔ |
| 漵 | *ljaʔ |
| 除 | *l'a, *l'as |
| 篨 | *rla |
| 滁 | *rla |
| 蒢 | *rla |
| 蜍 | *ɦlja, *la |
| 鵨 | *hljaː |
| 瑹 | *hlja |
| 余 | *la |
| 餘 | *la |
| 艅 | *la |
| 狳 | *la |
| 雓 | *la |
| 悆 | *las |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *rlaː) : semantic 艸 + phonetic 余 (OC *la).
茶 originates as a graphical modification of archaic 荼 (OC *rlaː, *ɦlja, *l'aː, “bitter plant”), used for “tea” in classical sources.
Etymology
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-la (“leaf; tea”), possibly originally borrowed from Proto-Loloish *la¹ (“tea”), as tea may have originated from Sichuan, where the native Yi people speak Loloish languages (Sagart, 1999). Alternatively, it may be a semantic extension of 荼 (OC *l'aː, “bitter plant”) (Qiu, 1988).
Pronunciation
Definitions
茶
- tea (plant, leaves)
- tea (beverage made by infusing tea leaves in hot water)
- beverage (in general)
- (obsolete) a moment (the time it takes to drink a cup of tea)
- (dialectal Mandarin, Cantonese, Gan, Xiang, Wu) boiled or boiling water
Synonyms
| Dialectal synonyms of 茶 (“tea (drink)”) [map] | ||
|---|---|---|
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | 茶、檟、蔎、茗、荈 | |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 茶 | |
| Mandarin | Beijing | 茶 |
| Taiwan | 茶 | |
| Harbin | 茶 | |
| Jinan | 茶 | |
| Muping | 茶 | |
| Luoyang | 茶 | |
| Jiedian | 茶 | |
| Xi'an | 茶 | |
| Xining | 茶 | |
| Xuzhou | 茶、茶葉茶 | |
| Yinchuan | 茶 | |
| Lanzhou | 茶 | |
| Ürümqi | 茶 | |
| Wuhan | 茶 | |
| Chengdu | 茶 | |
| Guiyang | 茶 | |
| Liuzhou | 茶 | |
| Yangzhou | 茶、茶葉茶 | |
| Nanjing | 茶 | |
| Hefei | 茶 | |
| Nantong | 茶葉茶 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 茶 |
| Hong Kong | 茶 | |
| Dongguan | 茶 | |
| Hong Kong (Weitou) | 夷茶 | |
| Taishan | 茶 | |
| Yangjiang | 茶 | |
| Kuala Lumpur | 茶 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 茶、茶葉茶 |
| Lichuan | 茶 | |
| Pingxiang | 茶 | |
| Hakka | Meixian | 茶 |
| Yudu | 茶 | |
| Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 茶 | |
| Liudui (S. Sixian) | 茶 | |
| Hsinchu (Hailu) | 茶 | |
| Dongshi (Dabu) | 茶 | |
| Zhuolan (Raoping) | 茶 | |
| Yunlin (Zhao'an) | 茶 | |
| Hong Kong | 茶葉茶 | |
| Senai | 茶 | |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 茶 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 茶 |
| Min Bei | Jian'ou | 茶 |
| Min Dong | Fuzhou | 茶 |
| Fuqing | 茶 | |
| Matsu | 茶 | |
| Min Nan | Xiamen | 茶 |
| Quanzhou | 茶 | |
| Zhangzhou | 茶 | |
| Chaozhou | 茶 | |
| Johor Bahru | 茶 | |
| Haikou | 茶 | |
| Leizhou | 茶 | |
| Pinghua | Nanning | 茶 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 茶葉茶 |
| Suzhou | 茶、茶葉茶 | |
| Hangzhou | 茶 | |
| Wenzhou | 茶、茶葉茶 | |
| Chongming | 茶葉茶 | |
| Danyang | 茶、茶葉茶 | |
| Jinhua | 茶 | |
| Ningbo | 茶、茶葉茶 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 茶、茶葉茶 |
| Shuangfeng | 茶 | |
| Loudi | 茶 | |
| Dialectal synonyms of 開水 (“boiled water”) [map] | ||
|---|---|---|
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 開水 | |
| Mandarin | Beijing | 開水 |
| Taiwan | 開水 | |
| Tianjin | 開水 | |
| Jinan | 開水 | |
| Xi'an | 開水 | |
| Wuhan | 開水 | |
| Chengdu | 開水 | |
| Yangzhou | 開水、茶 | |
| Hefei | 開水 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 滾水、茶 |
| Hong Kong | 滾水 | |
| Taishan | 滾水 | |
| Yangjiang | 滾水 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 開水、茶 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 滾水 |
| Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 滾水 | |
| Liudui (S. Sixian) | 滾水 | |
| Hsinchu (Hailu) | 滾水 | |
| Dongshi (Dabu) | 滾水 | |
| Zhuolan (Raoping) | 滾水 | |
| Yunlin (Zhao'an) | 滾水 | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 開水 |
| Min Bei | Jian'ou | 滾湯、開水 |
| Min Dong | Fuzhou | 開水、滾湯 |
| Min Nan | Xiamen | 滾水 |
| Quanzhou | 滾水 | |
| Zhangzhou | 滾水 | |
| Taipei | 白茶、滾水 | |
| Kaohsiung | 滾水 | |
| Tainan | 滾水 | |
| Taichung | 滾水 | |
| Hsinchu | 滾水 | |
| Lukang | 滾水 | |
| Sanxia | 滾水 | |
| Yilan | 滾水 | |
| Kinmen | 滾水 | |
| Magong | 滾水 | |
| Chaozhou | 滾水 | |
| Wu | Shanghai | 開水、茶水 |
| Suzhou | 開水、茶 | |
| Wenzhou | 開水、茶湯 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 開水、茶 |
| Shuangfeng | 開水 | |
Compounds
Derived terms from 茶
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Descendants
Others:
- See also the descendants in Appendix:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/s-la.
Japanese
Kanji
茶
Readings
Compounds
Etymology
茶 (cha): a cup of tea.
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 茶 |
| ちゃ Grade: 2 |
| kan’yōon |
From various dialects of Middle Chinese 茶 (MC ɖˠa). Compare modern Mandarin reading chá, Hakka chhà, Cantonese caa4.
Pronunciation
Noun
Usage notes
This term is not used on its own in modern Japanese. For the tea sense, this is used either with the honorific prefix お (o-), or in a compound such as 茎茶 (kukicha, literally “stem tea”) or 緑茶 (ryokucha, “green tea”).
- お茶はいかがですか。
- Ocha wa ikaga desuka.
- How about some tea? (Would you like some tea?)
For the brown sense, this is used with the color suffix 色 (-iro), as in 茶色 (chairo, “brown”, literally “tea color”).
Synonyms
- 茗 (mei) (rare)
See also
References
Korean
Hanja
茶 • (da, cha) (hangeul 다, 차, revised da, cha, McCune–Reischauer ta, ch'a, Yale ta, cha)
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Vietnamese
Han character
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