余

See also: 佘, 尒, 餘, and 馀
余 U+4F59, 余
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4F59
← 佘
[U+4F58] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 佚 →
[U+4F5A]

Translingual

Japanese 余
Simplified 余/馀
Traditional 余∣餘

Han character

余 (radical 9, 人+5, 7 strokes, cangjie input 人一木 (OMD), four-corner 80904, composition ⿱亼朩)

Derived characters

References

  • KangXi: page 99, character 2
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 515
  • Dae Jaweon: page 208, character 9
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 128, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+4F59

Usage notes

  • This character is not to be confused with visually similar but unrelated 佘.
  • Note that 余 is the simplified form of 餘 in mainland China and Japan. However, 余 and 餘 are unrelated in traditional Chinese.

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 余
Shang Western Zhou Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Oracle bone script

j01462

j01463

j01464

j01465

j01466

j01467

j01468

j01469

j01470

j01471

j01472

j01473

j01474

j01475

j01476

j01477

j01478

j01479

j01480

j01481

j01482

j01483

j01484

j01485

j01486

j01487

j01488

j01489

j01490

j01491

j01492

j01493

j01494

j01495

j01496

j01497

j01498

j01499

j01500

j01501

j01502

j01503

j01504

j01505

j01506

j01507

j01508

j01509

j01510

j01511

j01512

j01513

j01514

j01515

j01516

j01517

j01518

j01519

j01520

j01521

j01522

j01523

j01524

j01525

j01526

j01527

j01528

j01529

j01530

j01531

j01532

j01533

j01534

j01535

j01536

j01537

j01538

j01539

Bronze inscriptions

b01075

b01076

b01077

b01078

b01079

b01080

b01081

b01082

b01083

b01084

b01085

b01086

b01087

b01088

b01089

b01090

b01091

b01092

b01093

b01094

b01095

b01096

b01097

b01098

b01099

b01100

b01101

b01102

b01103

b01104

b01105

b01106

b01107

b01108

b01109

b01110

b01111

b01112

b01113

b01114

b01115

b01116

b01117

b01118

b01119

b01120

b01121

b01122

b01123

b01124

b01125

Small seal script

s00799

s00800

Transcribed ancient scripts

L30508

L30509

L30510

L30511

L30512

L02638

L02639

L02640

L02641

L02642

L02643

L02644

L02645

L02646

L02647

L02648

L02649

L02650

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (余) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
斜 *lja, *laː
茶 *rlaː
荼 *rlaː, *ɦlja, *l'aː
梌 *rlaː, *l̥ʰaː, *l'aː
搽 *rlaː
塗 *rlaː, *l'aː
佘 *ɦlja
賒 *hljaː
畬 *hljaː, *la
舍 *hljaːʔ, *hljaːs
捨 *hljaːʔ
騇 *hljaːʔ, *hljaːs
涻 *hljaːs
稌 *l̥ʰaː, *l̥ʰaːʔ
悇 *l̥ʰaː, *l̥ʰas, *las
庩 *l̥ʰaː
捈 *l̥ʰaː, *l'aː
途 *l'aː
酴 *l'aː
駼 *l'aː
鵌 *l'aː, *la
涂 *l'aː, *l'a
嵞 *l'aː
峹 *l'aː
筡 *l'aː, *l̥ʰa
蒤 *l'aː
徐 *lja
俆 *lja
叙 *ljaʔ
漵 *ljaʔ
除 *l'a, *l'as
篨 *rla
滁 *rla
蒢 *rla
蜍 *ɦlja, *la
鵨 *hljaː
瑹 *hlja
余 *la
餘 *la
艅 *la
狳 *la
雓 *la
悆 *las

Pictogram (象形) – thatched cottage; house. Original form of 舍 (OC *hljaːʔ, *hljaːs, “house”).

Etymology 1

For pronunciation and definitions of 余 – see 餘 (“to remain; to have left; time after an event; etc.”).
(This character, 余, is the simplified form of 餘.)
Notes:

Etymology 2

simp. and trad.
 余
“I; me”
Related to 予 (OC *la, “I”), 台 (OC *lɯ, “I”) and 朕 (OC *l'ɯmʔ, “my; I”), forming the *l- series of first-person Old Chinese personal pronouns. This series is commonly used by Shang Dynasty kings to refer to themselves.
In contrast, Old Chinese also had the *ŋ- series of first-person pronouns, represented by 我 (OC *ŋaːlʔ, “I”) and 吾 (OC *ŋraː, *ŋaː, “I”), which became more widely used over time.

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 余
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 以 (36)
Final (韻) 魚 (22)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 以諸切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /jɨʌ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /jiɔ/
Shao
Rongfen		 /iɔ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /jɨə̆/
Li
Rong		 /iɔ/
Wang
Li		 /jĭo/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /i̯wo/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 yú
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 余
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 yú
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ yo ›
Old
Chinese		 /*la/
English 1sg., prob. a polite form

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 余
Reading # 1/1
No. 15798
Phonetic
component		 余
Rime
group		 魚
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 余
Old
Chinese		 /*la/
Notes 說文舍省聲，甲文即象居舍初文

Definitions

余

  1. † I; me
  2. Alternative form of 餘／余 (yú).
  3. The fourth lunar month
  4. A surname​.
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 我 (“I”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 吾、我、私、余、予、台、朕
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 我
Mandarin Beijing 我
Taiwan 我
Jinan 我、俺
Xi'an 我
Wuhan 我
Chengdu 我
Yangzhou 我
Hefei 我
Cantonese Guangzhou 我
Hong Kong 我
Taishan 我
Yangjiang 我
Gan Nanchang 我
Hakka Meixian 𠊎
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 𠊎
Liudui (S. Sixian) 𠊎
Hsinchu (Hailu) 𠊎
Dongshi (Dabu) 𠊎
Zhuolan (Raoping) 𠊎
Yunlin (Zhao'an) 𠊎
Jin Taiyuan 我
Min Bei Jian'ou 我
Min Dong Fuzhou 我、奴
Min Nan Xiamen 我、阮
Quanzhou 我、阮
Zhangzhou 我、阮
Taipei 我、阮
Kaohsiung 我、阮
Philippines (Manila) 我
Chaozhou 我
Wu Shanghai 我、吾、阿拉
Suzhou 我、奴
Wenzhou 我
Ningbo 我、我儂、像我
Xiang Changsha 我
Shuangfeng 我、卬

Compounds

  • 伊余
  • 伯余
  • 余一人
  • 余且
  • 余丘
  • 余余
  • 余兒／余儿
  • 余吾
  • 余小子
  • 余月
  • 余車／余车
  • 接余
  • 比余
  • 祝余
  • 莫余毒也

Etymology 3

For pronunciation and definitions of 余 – see 佘.
(This character, 余, is a variant form of 佘.)

Etymology 4

Pronunciation

Definitions

余

  1. Only used in 接余.
  2. Only used in 檮余／梼余 (Chóutú).

Etymology 5

Pronunciation

Definitions

余

  1. Only used in 余吾.

Etymology 6

Pronunciation

Definitions

余

  1. Only used in 褒余.

Etymology 7

For pronunciation and definitions of 余 – see 豫 (“big elephant”).
(This character, 余, is a variant form of 豫.)

Japanese

Shinjitai

 余

Kyūjitai

 餘

Kanji

余

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 餘)

Readings

Compounds

Etymology

Kanji in this term
余
よ
Grade: 5
on’yomi

Suffix

余 (shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai kanji 餘, hiragana よ, rōmaji -yo)

  1. over, more than
Synonyms

Pronoun

余 (hiragana よ, rōmaji yo)

  1. I, me (first-person pronoun)
    • Isikawa Takuboku, Romazi Nikki
      Yo wa Sai wo aisiteru; aisiteru kara koso kono Nikki wo yomase taku nai no da.
      I love my Wife; it is precisely because I love her that I do not want her to read this Diary.
Alternative forms

Korean

Hanja

余 • (yeo) (hangeul 여, revised yeo, McCune–Reischauer yŏ)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

余 (dư, dờ)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.