黑

See also: 黒
黑 U+9ED1, 黑
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9ED1
← 黐
[U+9ED0] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 黒 →
[U+9ED2]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

黑 (radical 203, 黑+0, 12 strokes, cangjie input 田土火 (WGF), four-corner 60331)

  1. Kangxi radical #203, ⿊.

Descendants

References

  • KangXi: page 1518, character 36
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 48038
  • Dae Jaweon: page 2051, character 13
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 7, page 4743, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+9ED1

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 黑
alt. forms 黒

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 黑
Shang Western Zhou Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (黑) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
嚜 *mrɯɡs
嫼 *ʔmrɯːd
墨 *mlɯːɡ
默 *mlɯːɡ
纆 *mɯːɡ
黑 *hmlɯːɡ
潶 *hmlɯːɡ

Pictogram (象形) – a person (大) with a tattooed face, depicting penal tattooing (墨), one of the five punishments of ancient China. In the bronze inscriptions from the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods, dots were sometimes added around 大, leading Shuowen to erroneously interpret the character as an ideogrammic compound (會意) : 𡆧 (“chimney”) + 炎 (“fire; flame”) — fire burning under a chimney, causing it to become black from the smoke.

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-maŋ ~ s-mak. Cognate with 墨 (OC *mlɯːɡ, “ink”).

The sense of “hack” is a phono-semantic matching of English hack.

Pronunciation

  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 黑
Mandarin Beijing /xei⁵⁵/
Harbin /xei⁴⁴/
Tianjin /xei²¹/
Jinan /xei²¹³/
Qingdao /xe⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /xɛ²⁴/
Xi'an /xei²¹/
Xining /xɨ⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /xɯ¹³/
Lanzhou /xə/
Ürümqi /xei⁴⁴/
Wuhan /xɤ²¹³/
Chengdu /xe³¹/
Guiyang /xɛ²¹/
Kunming /xə³¹/
Nanjing /xəʔ⁵/
Hefei /xɐʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /xəʔ²/
Pingyao /xʌʔ¹³/
Hohhot /xəʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /həʔ⁵/
Suzhou /həʔ⁵/
Hangzhou /hɑʔ⁵/
Wenzhou /he²¹³/
Hui Shexian /xeʔ²¹/
Tunxi /xə⁵/
Xiang Changsha /xə²⁴/
Xiangtan /hæ²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /hɛʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /het̚¹/
Taoyuan /het̚²²/
Cantonese Guangzhou /hɐk̚⁵/
/hak̚⁵/
Nanning /hɐk̚⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /hɐk̚⁵/
/hak̚⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /hik̚³²/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /haiʔ²³/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /xuɛ/
Shantou (Min Nan) /hek̚²/
Haikou (Min Nan) /ɔu²³/ 訓烏
Rime
Character 黑
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 曉 (32)
Final (韻) 德 (131)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 呼北切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /hək̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /hək̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /xək̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /hək̚/
Li
Rong		 /xək̚/
Wang
Li		 /xək̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /xək̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 he
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 黑
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 hēi
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ xok ›
Old
Chinese		 /*m̥ˤək/ (dialect *m̥ˤ- > xˤ-)
English black

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 黑
Reading # 1/1
No. 5109
Phonetic
component		 黑
Rime
group		 職
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 黑
Old
Chinese		 /*hmlɯːɡ/

Definitions

黑

  1. black
    黑色  ―  hēisè  ―  black color
    她戴著黑帽子。  ―  Tā dài zhe hēi màozǐ.  ―  She's wearing a black hat.
  2. dark; darkness
    這麼黑，我看不見。 / 这么黑，我看不见。  ―  Zhème hēi, wǒ kàn bù jiàn.  ―  It's so dark; I can't see.
    她很怕黑。  ―  Tā hěn pà hēi.  ―  She is very afraid of the dark.
  3. evening; night
  4. illegal; clandestine; secret; shady
    黑市  ―  hēishì  ―  black market
    黑幫 / 黑帮  ―  hēibāng  ―  criminal gang
    黑名單 / 黑名单  ―  hēimíngdān  ―  blacklist
  5. (colloquial) to illegally reside (in a country)
  6. sinister; evil
  7. to make fun of; to mock
  8. (computing) to hack
    黑客  ―  hēikè  ―  hacker
  9. hater
  10. Short for 黑龍江／黑龙江 (Hēilóngjiāng, “Heilongjiang province”).

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 黑 (“black”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 黑、烏、青、皂、黔
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 黑
Mandarin Beijing 黑
Taiwan 黑
Tianjin 黑
Jinan 黑
Xi'an 黑
Wuhan 黑、烏、青
Chengdu 黑、青
Yangzhou 黑
Hefei 黑
Cantonese Guangzhou 黑
Hong Kong 黑
Yangjiang 黑
Gan Nanchang 黑、烏、青
Hakka Meixian 烏
Jin Taiyuan 黑
Min Bei Jian'ou 烏、青
Min Dong Fuzhou 烏、青
Min Nan Xiamen 烏
Quanzhou 烏
Zhangzhou 烏
Taipei 烏
Chaozhou 烏
Wu Shanghai 黑
Suzhou 黑
Wenzhou 黑、烏、青
Xiang Changsha 黑、青
Shuangfeng 黑、青

Compounds

Japanese

Shinjitai

 黒

Kyūjitai

 黑

Kanji

黑

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 黒)

  1. black

Readings

Khitan

Noun

黑 (kara)

  1. west

Korean

Hanja

黑 • (heuk) (hangeul 흑, McCune–Reischauer hŭk, Yale huk)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

黑 (hắc)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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