墨

墨 U+58A8, 墨
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-58A8
← 墧
[U+58A7] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 墩 →
[U+58A9]

Translingual

Han character

墨 (radical 32 土+11, 15 strokes, cangjie input 田土火土 (WGFG), four-corner 60104, composition ⿱黑土(GTHKV) or ⿱黒土(J))

References

  • KangXi: page 238, character 40
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5469
  • Dae Jaweon: page 478, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 487, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+58A8

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 墨

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (黑) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
嚜 *mrɯɡs
嫼 *ʔmrɯːd
墨 *mlɯːɡ
默 *mlɯːɡ
纆 *mɯːɡ
黑 *hmlɯːɡ
潶 *hmlɯːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *mlɯːɡ) : phonetic 黑 (OC *hmlɯːɡ) + semantic 土 (“soil”).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-maŋ ~ s-mak. Cognate with 黑 (OC *hmlɯːɡ, “black”).

Pronunciation

Note:
  • bia̍k/be̍k - literary;
  • ba̍k - vernacular.
Rime
Character 墨
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 明 (4)
Final (韻) 德 (131)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 莫北切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /mək̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /mək̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /mək̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /mək̚/
Li
Rong		 /mək̚/
Wang
Li		 /mək̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /mək̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 mò
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 墨
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 mò
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ mok ›
Old
Chinese		 /*C.mˤək/
English ink

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 墨
Reading # 1/1
No. 5106
Phonetic
component		 黑
Rime
group		 職
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 墨
Old
Chinese		 /*mlɯːɡ/

Definitions

墨

  1. Chinese ink or ink in general
  2. black; ink-coloured; dark
  3. (historical) to tattoo the face
  4. (figuratively) to embezzle
  5. (figuratively) someone's poetry, essays handwriting or painting
  6. (figuratively) learning; knowledge
  7. Short for 墨家 (Mòjiā, “Mohism”).
  8. Short for 墨西哥 (Mòxīgē, “Mexico”).

Compounds

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (墨):
  • Japanese: 墨 (ぼく) (boku)
  • Korean: 묵 (墨, muk)
  • Vietnamese: mặc (墨)

Others:

  • Khmer: មឹក (mɨk, “squid; ink”)
  • Lao: ມຶກ (mưk, “ink; black”), ຫມຶກ (mưk, “black; ink”), ໝຶກ (mưk, “sepia from cuttlefish; ink; black”)
  • Thai: หมึก (mʉ̀k, “ink”), ปลาหมึก (bplaa-mʉ̀k, “cuttlefish”)
  • Vietnamese: mực (“cuttlefish; ink”)

Japanese

Kanji

墨

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. ink
  2. Mexico

Readings

Compounds

Kanji in this term
墨
すみ
Grade: S
kun’yomi

Noun

墨 (hiragana すみ, rōmaji sumi)

  1. ink

Korean

Hanja

墨 • (muk) (hangeul 묵)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Miyako

Kanji

墨 (hiragana っふぃ, romaji ffi)

Noun

墨 (hiragana っふぃ, romaji ffi)

  1. ink

Southern Amami-Oshima

Kanji

墨 (hiragana すぃみ, romaji sïmi)

Noun

墨 (hiragana すぃみ, romaji sïmi)

  1. ink

Vietnamese

Han character

墨 (mặc, mức, mực)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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