地

地 U+5730, 地
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5730
← 圯
[U+572F] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 圱 →
[U+5731]

Translingual

Stroke order
Stroke order

Han character

地 (radical 32, 土+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 土心木 (GPD), four-corner 44112, composition ⿰土也)

References

  • KangXi: page 224, character 6
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4890
  • Dae Jaweon: page 456, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 420, character 12
  • Unihan data for U+5730

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 地

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 地
Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Shizhoupian script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (也) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
他 *l̥ʰaːl
拖 *l̥ʰaːl, *l̥ʰaːls
駞 *l'aːl
池 *l'aːl, *l'al
灺 *ljalʔ
鍦 *ɦljaːl, *hljal, *hljals
虵 *ɦljal, *laːlʔ, *lal
也 *laːlʔ
忚 *hleːl
髢 *l'eːls
杝 *l̥ʰalʔ, *l'alʔ, *lal
肔 *l̥ʰalʔ, *lalʔ
馳 *l'al
阤 *l'alʔ, *hljalʔ
施 *hljal, *hljals
絁 *hljal
葹 *hljal
弛 *hljalʔ
箷 *lal
衪 *lel, *lalʔ
暆 *lel
迆 *lal, *lalʔ
酏 *lal, *lalʔ
匜 *lal, *lalʔ
迤 *lalʔ
扡 *lalʔ
崺 *lalʔ
貤 *lals, *ɦljels, *lels
地 *l'els

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *l'els) : semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 也 (OC *laːlʔ).

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Note: deng6 - usually written as 埞.
Note:
  • Xiamen, Quanzhou:
    • tōe - vernacular;
    • tē - literary.
  • Zhangzhou, Taiwan:
    • tē/tōe/tǒe/tēre - literary.
  • Other readings:
    • tī - vernacular (may be considered literary, only used in 土地公);
    • tè/tèr - vernacular (limited, e.g. 到地, 鎮地, 掃地, possibly substitute for 帶).
Note:
  • di7 - literary;
  • do3 - vernacular (e.g. 洗地, 掃地, 鎮地).
  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 地
Mandarin Beijing /ti⁵¹/
Harbin /ti⁵³/
Tianjin /ti⁵³/
Jinan /ti²¹/
Qingdao /ti⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ti³¹²/
Xi'an /ti⁴⁴/
Xining /t͡sz̩²¹³/
Yinchuan /ti¹³/
Lanzhou /ti¹³/
Ürümqi /ti²¹³/
Wuhan /ti³⁵/
Chengdu /ti¹³/
Guiyang /ti²¹³/
Kunming /ti²¹²/
Nanjing /ti⁴⁴/
Hefei /t͡sz̩⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /ti⁴⁵/
Pingyao /ti³⁵/
Hohhot /ti⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /di²³/
Suzhou /di³¹/
Hangzhou /di¹³/
Wenzhou /dei²²/
Hui Shexian /tʰi²²/
Tunxi /tʰi¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /ti⁵⁵/
/ti¹¹/
Xiangtan /di²¹/
Gan Nanchang /tʰi²¹/
Hakka Meixian /tʰi⁵³/
Taoyuan /tʰi⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /tei²²/
Nanning /ti²²/
Hong Kong /tei²²/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /ti²²/
/te²²/ ～理
/tue²²/ 土～
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /tɛi²⁴²/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /ti⁴⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /ti³¹/
Haikou (Min Nan) /ʔdi³⁵/
/ʔdi³³/
/ʔdi²³/
Rime
Character 地
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 定 (7)
Final (韻) 脂 (15)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 徒四切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /diɪH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /diH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /djɪH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /diH/
Li
Rong		 /diH/
Wang
Li		 /diH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /dʱiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 dì
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 地
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 dì
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ dijH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[l]ˤej-s/
English earth, ground

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 地
Reading # 1/1
No. 14808
Phonetic
component		 也
Rime
group		 歌
Rime
subdivision		 2
Corresponding
MC rime		 地
Old
Chinese		 /*l'els/

Definitions

地

  1. earth; ground
  2. land; field (Classifier: 塊／块 c; 笪 c)
  3. distance; separation
  4. farmland; field
  5. (only in compounds) place; location
  6. (only in compounds) status; situation
    • 心地  ―  xīndì  ―  mind
    • 見地 / 见地  ―  jiàndì  ―  perspective, opinion
  7. (only in compounds) Short for 地球 (dìqiú, “Earth”).

Compounds

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Note: di is used in poetry, songs.
Note:
  • dei6 - literary;
  • dei6-2 - vernacular, only used after reduplicated words.

Definitions

地

  1. Particle indicating the word preceding it is used as an adverb.
    很快地  ―  hěn kuài de  ―  very quickly
    佢偷偷地走咗喇。 [Cantonese, trad. and simp.]
    Keoi5 tau1 tau1 dei6-2 zau2 zo2 laa3. [Jyutping]
    He secretly left.
    alt. forms: 的, 底 obsolete
Usage notes
  • The use of this particle is always optional after polysyllabic adverbs.
    非常短  ―  fēicháng duǎn  ―  very short
    非常地短  ―  fēicháng de duǎn  ―  very short
  • On the contrary, monosyllabic adverbs are compulsorily used with or without 地.
    很漂亮  ―  hěn piàoliang  ―  very beautiful
    (where *很地漂亮 is unacceptable)
    倏地不見 / 倏地不见  ―  shū de bùjiàn  ―  to disappear suddenly
    (where *倏不見 is unacceptable in Modern Standard Chinese)

Compounds

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

Definitions

地

  1. (Cantonese) Placed after a reduplicated adjective or stative verb to lessen its intensity.
    紅紅地 / 红红地 [Cantonese]  ―  hung4 hung4-2 dei6-2 [Jyutping]  ―  kind of red
    薄薄地 [Cantonese]  ―  bok6 bok6-2 dei6-2 [Jyutping]  ―  kind of thin
    驚驚地 / 惊惊地 [Cantonese]  ―  geng1 geng1 dei6-2 [Jyutping]  ―  to be kind of scared
    矮矮地 [Cantonese]  ―  ai2 ai2 dei6-2 [Jyutping]  ―  kind of tall
Usage notes
  • This suffix is accompanied by a tone change in the reduplicated word, where the second occurrence is changed to the second tone (unless its original tone is the first or second tone), as seen in the examples above.

Compounds

Etymology 4

For pronunciation and definitions of 地 – see 哋 (“Cantonese plurality marker”).
(This character, 地, is a variant form of 哋.)

Japanese

Kanji

地

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. earth; ground

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
地
じ
Grade: 2
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 地 (dijH). The goon reading, so likely the initial borrowing. Compare modern Mandarin dì.

Pronunciation

Noun

地 (hiragana じ, rōmaji ji, historical hiragana ぢ)

  1. earth, dirt
  2. fabric, cloth
    • 1906, Natsume Sōseki, Botchan:
      いくらか薄 (うす)い地 (じ)には相 (そう)違 (い)なくっても暑 (あつ)いには極 (きま)ってる。
      Ikura ka usui ji ni wa sōi nakutte mo atsui ni wa kimatteru.
      However thin the cloth, flannel is flannel and must have been pretty warm at that time of the year.
  3. (game of Go) territory

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
地
ち
Grade: 2
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 地 (dijH). The kan'on reading, so likely a later borrowing. The devoicing of the initial consonant might indicate a dialectal source. Compare modern Hakka thi, Min Nan tī.

Pronunciation

Noun

地 (hiragana ち, rōmaji chi)

  1. earth, land, ground
  2. a place, a region, a piece of land
  3. territory, dominion
  4. (of a crate, etc.) the bottom

Suffix

地 (hiragana ち, rōmaji -chi)

  1. place, area

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
地
つち
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese.[2][1]

Pronunciation

Alternative forms

  • 土 (more common for this reading)

Noun

地 (hiragana つち, rōmaji tsuchi)

  1. earth, dirt, mud, soil
  2. the ground
  3. the earth (as opposed to the heavens)
  4. the ground or bottom of something (as of a price range)

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan

Korean

Hanja

地 (eumhun 땅 지 (ttang ji))

  1. (땅 지, ttang-): earth, land, ground
  2. (지위 지, jiwi-): status, rank

Compounds

Vietnamese

Han character

地

(địa, rịa)
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