油

See also: 㳌, 沺, and 𣳑
油 U+6CB9, 油
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6CB9
← 沸
[U+6CB8] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 沺 →
[U+6CBA]

Translingual

Stroke order
Japanese stroke order

Han character

油 (radical 85, 水+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 水中田 (ELW), four-corner 35160, composition ⿰氵由)

References

  • KangXi: page 614, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17253
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1007, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 1585, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+6CB9

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 油

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 油
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (由) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
袖 *ljɯwɢs
岫 *ljɯwɢs
牰 *ljɯwɢs, *lɯwɢs
抽 *l̥ʰɯw
妯 *l̥ʰɯw, *l'ɯwɢ
紬 *l'ɯw
怞 *l'ɯw
鮋 *l'ɯw, *ɦljɯw, *lɯw
菗 *rlɯw
宙 *l'ɯwɢs
胄 *l'ɯwɢs
冑 *l'ɯwɢs
伷 *l'ɯwɢs
駎 *l'ɯwɢs
油 *lɯw, *lɯwɢs
由 *lɯw
蚰 *lɯw
秞 *lɯw
邮 *lɯw
釉 *lɯwɢs
柚 *lɯwɢs, *l'ɯwɢ
鼬 *lɯwɢs
苖 *l'ɯːwɢ, *l̥ʰɯwɢ
笛 *l'ɯːwɢ
迪 *l'ɯːwɢ
頔 *l'ɯːwɢ
軸 *l'ɯwɢ
舳 *l'ɯwɢ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *lɯw, *lɯwɢs) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 由 (OC *lɯw).

Pronunciation 1

Rime
Character 油
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 以 (36)
Final (韻) 尤 (136)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 以周切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /jɨu/
Pan
Wuyun		 /jiu/
Shao
Rongfen		 /iəu/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /juw/
Li
Rong		 /iu/
Wang
Li		 /jĭəu/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /i̯ə̯u/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 yóu
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 油
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 yóu
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ yuw ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[l][u]/
English flow(ing)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 油
Reading # 1/2
No. 15525
Phonetic
component		 由
Rime
group		 幽
Rime
subdivision		 2
Corresponding
MC rime		 猷
Old
Chinese		 /*lɯw/
Notes 象柚實，爲柚初文；柚爲條，由枿亦稱木生條，同音相借

Definitions

油

  1. name of an ancient river
  2. oil: fat, grease, lard, petroleum, etc.
    麻油  ―  máyóu  ―  sesame oil
    豬油 / 猪油  ―  zhūyóu  ―  lard
    石油  ―  shíyóu  ―  petroleum; oil
    機油 / 机油  ―  jīyóu  ―  engine oil
    漏油 [Cantonese]  ―  lau6 jau4-2 [Jyutping]  ―  to leak oil
  3. to paint
    油屋 [Cantonese]  ―  jau4 uk1 [Jyutping]  ―  to paint the house
  4. to be grease-stained
  5. sly; glib
  6. vigorous, abundant
  7. shiny
  8. sweet-tempered, acquiescent
  9. flippant and insincere
  10. dark
  11. A surname​.

Compounds

Pronunciation 2

Rime
Character 油
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 以 (36)
Final (韻) 尤 (136)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 余救切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /jɨuH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /jiuH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /iəuH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /juwH/
Li
Rong		 /iuH/
Wang
Li		 /jĭəuH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /i̯ə̯uH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 yòu
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 油
Reading # 2/2
No. 15534
Phonetic
component		 由
Rime
group		 奧
Rime
subdivision		 2
Corresponding
MC rime		 狖
Old
Chinese		 /*lɯwɢs/

Definitions

油

  1. † Alternative form of 釉 (yòu, “to glaze”).
  2. Only used in 浩油.

Japanese

Kanji

油

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Kanji in this term
油
あぶら
Grade: 3
kun’yomi

Etymology

From the 未然形 (mizenkei, “incomplete form”) of verb 炙る (aburu, “to warm, to toast”).

Pronunciation

Noun

油 (hiragana あぶら, rōmaji abura)

  1. oil

Idioms

References

  1. ↑ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

油 • (yu) (hangeul 유)

  1. oil

Miyako

Etymology

Cognate with mainland Japanese 油 (abura).

Kanji

油

Noun

油 (hiragana あっゔぁ, romaji avva)

  1. oil

Okinawan

Kanji

油

Compounds

Etymology

Cognate with mainland Japanese 油 (abura).

Noun

油 (hiragana あんだ, romaji anda)

  1. oil

Derived terms

Vietnamese

Han character

油 (dầu, dẫu, dàu, dư, dù, du, rầu, trầu)

  1. oil, fat, grease

Compounds

  • 油𫗒 (dầu ăn)

Usage notes

  • Chữ Nôm. The modern Vietnamese word for oil is dầu.

References

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