未然形

Japanese

Etymology

Kanji in this term
未	然	形
み Grade: 4	ぜん Grade: 4	けい Grade: 2
on’yomi

Compound of 未然 (mizen, literally “not yet occurred”) +‎ 形 (kei, “form”). Historically called 将 (しょう)然 (ぜん)言 (げん) (shōzengen), 未 (み)然 (ぜん)段 (だん) (mizendan).^[1]

Pronunciation

On’yomi
- (Tokyo) みぜんけー [mìzéńkéé] (Heiban – [0])^[2]^[3]^[4]
- IPA^(key): [mʲizẽ̞ŋke̞ː]

Noun

未然形 (hiragana みぜんけい, rōmaji mizenkei)

(grammar) a Japanese verbal inflectional category: the irrealis form
Indicates that something has not yet happened, or not yet begun.

Related terms

已 (い)然 (ぜん)形 (けい) (izenkei, “realis”)
仮 (か)定 (てい)形 (けい) (kateikei, “conditional”)
終 (しゅう)止 (し)形 (けい) (shūshikei, “conclusive”)
命 (めい)令 (れい)形 (けい) (meireikei, “imperative”)
連 (れん)用 (よう)形 (けい) (ren'yōkei, “adverbial”)
連体形 (れんたいけい) (rentaikei, “attributive”)

References

↑ 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
↑ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
↑ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
↑ 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Shibatani, Masayoshi (1990) The languages of Japan, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 221-224

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[KDJ-1] 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan

[DJR-2] 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-3] 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

[SMK5-4] 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

未然形