筆

See also: 笔
筆 U+7B46, 筆
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7B46
← 筅
[U+7B45] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 筇 →
[U+7B47]

Translingual

Japanese 筆
Simplified 笔
Traditional 筆

Han character

筆 (radical 118 竹+6, 12 strokes, cangjie input 竹中手 (HLQ), four-corner 88507, composition ⿱⺮聿)

References

  • KangXi: page 882, character 19
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25987
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1310, character 27
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 5, page 2970, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+7B46

Chinese

trad. 筆
simp. 笔

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (聿) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
筆 *prud
潷 *prud
硉 *ruːd
律 *rud
葎 *b·rud
聿 *b·lud
銉 *lud

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *prud) : semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 聿 (OC *b·lud, “writing brush”) – a hand holding a brush 聿. The bamboo (竹) refers to the material of traditional Chinese brushes.

Etymology

Benedict (1972) surmises that this might be a loan from Austro-Tai into Sino-Tibetan; cf. Proto-Austronesian *bulut (“hairy filaments of certain plants, husk”) (Cebuano bulut).

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 筆
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 幫 (1)
Final (韻) 質 (49)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) Chongniu III
Fanqie 鄙密切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /pˠiɪt̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /pᵚit̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /piet̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /pjit̚/
Li
Rong		 /pjĕt̚/
Wang
Li		 /pĭĕt̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /pi̯ĕt̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 bi
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 筆
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 bǐ
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ pit ›
Old
Chinese		 /*p.[r]ut/ (borrowed as *prut from Qín dialect)
English writing brush

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 筆
Reading # 1/1
No. 15975
Phonetic
component		 聿
Rime
group		 物
Rime
subdivision		 2
Corresponding
MC rime		 筆
Old
Chinese		 /*prud/

Definitions

筆

  1. writing brush
  2. pen; pencil
  3. stroke (of Chinese characters)
  4. † to write; to compose
  5. Classifier for sums of money and deals. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier
    我會盡早還給你這筆錢。 [MSC, trad.]
    我会尽早还给你这笔钱。 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒ huì jìnzǎo háigěi nǐ zhè bǐ qián. [Pinyin]
    I will return the money as soon as possible.

Compounds

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (筆):
  • Japanese: 筆 (ひつ) (hitsu)
  • Korean: 필 (筆, pil)
  • Vietnamese: bút (筆)

Others

  • → Buryat: ᠪᠢᠷ (ᠪᠢᠷ) / биирэ (biire)
  • → Khmer: ពិត (pɨt, “small Chinese-style writing brush”)
  • → Korean: 붓 (but, “writing brush”)
  • → Manchu: ᡶᡳ (fi, “brush”), ᠪᡳᡨᡥᡝ (bithe, “book”), ᠪᡳᡨᡥᡝᠰᡳ (bithesi, “scribe”)
    • → Chinese: 筆帖式／笔帖式 (“scribe during the Qing Dynasty”)
  • → Mongolian: ᠪᠢᠷ (bir) / бийр (bijr)
  • → Tibetan: པིར (pir, “writing brush, pen”)
  • → Turkic:

Japanese

Kanji

筆

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
筆
ふで
Grade: 3
kun’yomi

Shift in pronunciation from funde below.[1] Now the most common pronunciation in modern Japanese.

Pronunciation

Noun

筆 (hiragana ふで, rōmaji fude)

  1. a writing brush, a painting brush, a pen
  2. writing:
    1. the act of writing
    2. something written
    3. handwriting, how someone writes
Usage notes

The pen sense is more commonly expressed using the English-derived term ペン (pen).

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
筆
ふんで
Grade: 3
kun’yomi

Shift in pronunciation from fumite below. Listed with this reading in the 観智院 (Kanchi-in) edition of the 11th- or 12th-century 類聚名義抄 (Ruiju Myōgishō) dictionary.[1]

Superseded by the fude reading above in modern Japanese.

Pronunciation

Noun

筆 (hiragana ふんで, rōmaji funde)

  1. (obsolete) same as for fude above: brush; pen; writing

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
筆
ふみて
Grade: 3
kun’yomi

Compound of 文 (fumi, “writing”) +‎ 手 (te, “hand”). Appears with this reading in the Man'yōshū, circa 759.

Superseded by the fude reading above in modern Japanese.

Pronunciation

Noun

筆 (hiragana ふみて, rōmaji fumite)

  1. (obsolete) same as for fude above: brush; pen; writing

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
筆
ひつ
Grade: 3
on’yomi

/pitu/ → /fitu/ → /hitu/

From Middle Chinese 筆 ( pit , “writing brush”). Compare modern Hakka and Min Nan pit, Mandarin bǐ.

Pronunciation

Noun

筆 (hiragana ひつ, rōmaji hitsu)

  1. a brush, a pen, a writing or drawing implement
  2. the mark made by a brush or pen
  3. writing or drawing with a brush or pen
  4. an allotment of land, such as for agriculture or housing (from the way that a description of the land and the owner would be written down in the survey register)

References

  1. 1 2 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. 1 2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

筆 • (pil) (hangeul 필, McCune–Reischauer p'il, Yale phil)

  1. writing brush
  2. write
  3. stroke

Vietnamese

Han character

筆 (bút)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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