通

通 U+901A, 通
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-901A
← 這
[U+9019] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 逛 →
[U+901B]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

通 (radical 162, 辵+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 卜弓戈月 (YNIB), four-corner 37302, composition ⿰辶甬)

References

  • KangXi: page 1258, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38892
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1743, character 18
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 6, page 3845, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+901A

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 通

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (用) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
通 *l̥ʰoːŋ
俑 *l̥ʰoːŋ, *loŋʔ
蓪 *l̥ʰoːŋ
桶 *l̥ʰoːŋʔ, *l'oːŋʔ
捅 *l̥ʰoːŋʔ
痛 *l̥ʰoːŋs
筩 *l'oːŋ
誦 *ljoŋs
傭 *l̥ʰoŋ, *loŋ
慵 *ɦljoŋ
鱅 *ɦljoŋ, *loŋ
滽 *loŋ
墉 *loŋ
鏞 *loŋ
鄘 *loŋ
槦 *loŋ
銿 *loŋ
甬 *loŋʔ
勇 *loŋʔ
涌 *loŋʔ
踊 *loŋʔ
蛹 *loŋʔ
恿 *loŋʔ
慂 *loŋʔ
悀 *loŋʔ
埇 *loŋʔ
踴 *loŋʔ
庸 *loŋ
用 *loŋs
佣 *loŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *l̥ʰoːŋ) : semantic 辶 + phonetic 甬 (OC *loŋʔ).

Pronunciation

Note:
  • tĕ̤ng - vernacular;
  • tŭng - literary.
Note:
  • thang - vernacular;
  • thong - literary.
Rime
Character 通
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 透 (6)
Final (韻) 東 (1)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 他紅切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /tʰuŋ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /tʰuŋ/
Shao
Rongfen		 /tʰuŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /tʰəwŋ/
Li
Rong		 /tʰuŋ/
Wang
Li		 /tʰuŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /tʰuŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 tōng
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 通
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 tōng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ thuwng ›
Old
Chinese		 /*l̥ˤoŋ/
English penetrate

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 通
Reading # 1/1
No. 15428
Phonetic
component		 用
Rime
group		 東
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 通
Old
Chinese		 /*l̥ʰoːŋ/

Definitions

通

  1. to lead to; to go through to
    通心粉  ―  tōngxīnfěn  ―  macaroni
    通道  ―  tōngdào  ―  passageway; thoroughfare
  2. to pass through; to travel through
  3. to connect; to communicate
  4. (telephony) to get through
  5. Classifier for phone calls, talks, criticisms, etc.
  6. to make sense; logical
  7. expert
    • 正字通  ―  zhèngzìtōng  ―  literally "Correct Character Mastery", a 17th-century Chinese dictionary
  8. (of Chinese characters) to carry the same meaning as
    通「國」。 / 通“国”。  ―  Tōng “guó”.  ―  Carries the same meaning as "國".
  9. (Min Nan) can; may
  10. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
    講唔通 / 讲唔通 [Cantonese]  ―  gong2 m4 tung1 [Jyutping]  ―  unable to have someone understand what one is talking about

Synonyms

  • (telephony: to get through): 入 (rù)

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

通

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. pass through

Readings

Compounds

Counter

通 (hiragana つう, rōmaji -tsū)

  1. documents

Noun

通 (hiragana つう, rōmaji tsū)

  1. authority, expert, connoisseur
    支 (し)那 (な)通 (つう)
    shinatsū
    Sinologist

Proper noun

通 (hiragana とおる, rōmaji Tōru)

  1. A male given name

Korean

Hanja

通 • (tong) (hangeul 통, revised tong, McCune–Reischauer t'ong, Yale thong)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

通 (thông, thong)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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