石

See also: 右 and 磊
石 U+77F3, 石
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-77F3
← 矲
[U+77F2] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 矴 →
[U+77F4]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

石 (radical 112, 石+0, 5 strokes, cangjie input 一口 (MR), four-corner 10600, composition ⿸丆口)

  1. Kangxi radical #112, ⽯.

Derived characters

  • Index:Chinese radical/石

References

  • KangXi: page 827, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24024
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1239, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2416, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+77F3

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 石

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 石
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (石) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
柘 *tjaɡs
妬 *taːɡs
蠹 *taːɡs
沰 *taːɡ, *tʰaːɡ
拓 *tʰaːɡ, *tjaɡ
橐 *tʰaːɡ
袥 *tʰaːɡ
驝 *tʰaːɡ, *raːɡ
斫 *tjaɡ
磭 *ŋrɯnʔ, *ŋ̊ʰjaɡ, *ŋaɡ
磔 *rtaːɡ
跖 *tjaɡ
石 *djaɡ
碩 *djaɡ
祏 *djaɡ
鉐 *djaɡ
鼫 *djaɡ

Pictogram (象形) : a stone beneath a cliff (厂). The cliff was subsequently distorted into 丆.

Alternatively, a cave set into the side of a cliff or mountain.

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Note:
  • siŏh - vernacular;
  • sĭk - literary.
Note:
  • chio̍h - vernacular;
  • siā/sia̍h - vernacular (limited, e.g. 石榴, 石硯, 石石 (siā-chio̍h));
  • se̍k/si̍t/sia̍k - literary.
  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 石
Mandarin Beijing /ʂʐ̩³⁵/
Harbin /ʂʐ̩²⁴/
Tianjin /ʂʐ̩⁴⁵/
Jinan /ʂʐ̩⁴²/
Qingdao /ʃz̩⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ʂʐ̩⁴²/
Xi'an /ʂʐ̩²⁴/
Xining /ʂʐ̩²⁴/
Yinchuan /ʂʐ̩¹³/
Lanzhou /ʂʐ̩⁵³/
Ürümqi /ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
Wuhan /sz̩²¹³/
Chengdu /sz̩³¹/
Guiyang /sz̩²¹/
Kunming /ʂʐ̩³¹/
Nanjing /ʂʐ̩ʔ⁵/
Hefei /ʂəʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /səʔ⁵⁴/
Pingyao /ʂʌʔ⁵³/
Hohhot /səʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /zəʔ¹/
Suzhou /zɑʔ³/
Hangzhou /zɑʔ²/
Wenzhou /zei²¹³/
Hui Shexian /ɕi²²/
Tunxi /ɕi¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /ʂʐ̩²⁴/
Xiangtan /ʂɒ⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /sɑʔ²/
Hakka Meixian /sak̚⁵/
Taoyuan /ʃɑk̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /sɛk̚²/
Nanning /sɛk̚²²/
Hong Kong /sɛk̚²/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /sik̚⁵/
/t͡sioʔ⁵/
/sia²²/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /suoʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /t͡siɔ⁴⁴/
/si⁴⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /t͡sioʔ⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /sek̚⁵/
/t͡sio³³/
Rime
Character 石
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 常 (25)
Final (韻) 昔 (123)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 常隻切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /d͡ʑiᴇk̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /d͡ʑiɛk̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /d͡ʑiæk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /d͡ʑiajk̚/
Li
Rong		 /ʑiɛk̚/
Wang
Li		 /ʑĭɛk̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ʑi̯ɛk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 shí
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 石
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 shí
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ dzyek ›
Old
Chinese		 /*dAk/
English stone

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 石
Reading # 1/1
No. 11470
Phonetic
component		 石
Rime
group		 鐸
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 石
Old
Chinese		 /*djaɡ/

Definitions

石

  1. stone; rock

Compounds

Etymology 2

From 擔／担 (dàn) (Qiu, 1988).

Pronunciation

Definitions

石

  1. † a unit of dry measure for grain (equal to 100 liters)

Compounds

  • 二千石
  • 以升量石
  • 儋石
  • 儋石之畜
  • 兩石弓／两石弓
  • 公石
  • 千石
  • 擔石／担石
  • 萬石／万石

Japanese

Kanji

石

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
石
いし
Grade: 1
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese.[1] Likely cognate with 磯 (iso, “a pebble; gravel; a rocky beach”).

Pronunciation

Noun

石 (hiragana いし, rōmaji ishi)

  1. stone
    • 1999 March 27, “ストーン・アルマジラー [Stone Armadiller]”, in Vol.2 (in Japanese), Konami:
      体 (からだ)が石 (いし)のように堅 (かた)い毛 (け)で覆 (おお)われており、守 (まも)りがかたい。
      Karada ga ishi no yō ni katai ke de ōwareteori, mamori ga katai.
      With a body covered in a coat as hard as stones, its defense is rock solid.
  2. (slang, electronics) transistor

Etymology 2

Noun

石 (hiragana こく, rōmaji koku)

  1. koku (traditional Japanese unit of volume, approx. 180 litres)
Derived terms
  • 石 (こく)高 (だか) (kokudaka)

Etymology 3

Counter

石 (hiragana せき, rōmaji -seki)

  1. (slang, electronics) transistor, especially discrete ones
    六 (ろく)石 (せき)ラジオ
    rokuseki rajio
    six-transistor radio

References

  1. ↑ 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. ↑ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ↑ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

石 (eumhun 돌 석 (dol seok))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

石 (thạch, đán)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Yonaguni

Etymology

Cognate with mainland Japanese 石 (ishi).

Kanji

石 (hiragana いち, romaji ichi)

Noun

石 (hiragana いち, romaji ichi)

  1. stone
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