莫

莫 U+83AB, 莫
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-83AB
← 莪
[U+83AA] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 莬 →
[U+83AC]

Translingual

Han character

莫 (radical 140 艸+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 廿日大 (TAK), four-corner 44430, composition ⿱艹旲)

Derived characters

References

  • KangXi: page 1035, character 13
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31078
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1494, character 13
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 5, page 3217, character 15
  • Unihan data for U+83AB

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 莫
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (莫) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
蟆 *mraː
鬕 *mraːɡs
饃 *maːl
模 *maː
摸 *maː, *maːɡ
嫫 *maː
謨 *maː
膜 *maː, *maːɡ
摹 *maː
暮 *maːɡs
慕 *maːɡs
募 *maːɡs
墓 *maːɡs
慔 *maːɡs
莫 *maːɡ
寞 *maːɡ
漠 *maːɡ
幕 *maːɡ
鏌 *maːɡ
瘼 *maːɡ
鄚 *maːɡ
瞙 *maːɡ
嗼 *maːɡ, *mraːɡ
塻 *maːɡ
貘 *mraːɡ
驀 *mraːɡ

Pictogram (象形) – the sun (日) sinking into the bushes (屮); dusk. Original form of 暮 (OC *maːɡs, “dusk”).

The bottom was later distorted into 大.

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.
 莫

From 無 (OC *ma, “there is no”) + distributive suffix *-k (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

Note:
  • mŏ̤h - vernacular (“don't”);
  • mŏk - literary.
Note:
  • bo̍k - literary;
  • bo̍h - vernacular.
  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 莫
Mandarin Beijing /mo⁵¹/
Harbin /mɤ⁵³/
Tianjin /mo⁵³/
Jinan /mə²¹/
Qingdao /mə⁴²/
Zhengzhou /mo²⁴/
Xi'an /mo²¹/
Xining /mɔ⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /muə¹³/
Lanzhou /mə¹³/
Ürümqi /mɤ²¹³/
Wuhan /mo²¹³/
Chengdu /mo³¹/
Guiyang /mo²¹/
Kunming /mo³¹/
Nanjing /moʔ⁵/
Hefei /mɐʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /maʔ²/
Pingyao /mʌʔ⁵³/
Hohhot /maʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /moʔ¹/
Suzhou /noʔ³/
Hangzhou /moʔ²/
Wenzhou /mo²¹³/
Hui Shexian /mɔʔ²¹/
Tunxi /mo¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /mo²⁴/
Xiangtan /mo²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /mɔʔ²/
/mɵʔ²/
Hakka Meixian /mok̚⁵/
Taoyuan /mok̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /mɔk̚²/
Nanning /mɔk̚²²/
Hong Kong /mɔk̚²/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /bɔk̚⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /moʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /mz̩²⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /mok̚⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /vo³³/ 不要
/mo³³/ 姓
Rime
Character 莫
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 明 (4)
Final (韻) 鐸 (103)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 慕各切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /mɑk̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /mɑk̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /mɑk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /mak̚/
Li
Rong		 /mɑk̚/
Wang
Li		 /mɑk̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /mɑk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 mò
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 莫 莫
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 mò mò
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ mak › ‹ mak ›
Old
Chinese		 /*mˤak/ /*mˤak/
English there is no X such that X deliberate (v.) (loan)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 莫
Reading # 1/1
No. 9252
Phonetic
component		 莫
Rime
group		 鐸
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 莫
Old
Chinese		 /*maːɡ/
Notes 從日在茻中，暮初文，小徐茻亦聲

Definitions

莫

  1. none; nothing; not anything
  2. (literary or dialectal Mandarin, dialectal Cantonese, Gan, Hakka, Min Dong) do not; don't; must not
  3. particle indicating a rhetorical question
  4. A surname​.

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 別 (“do not”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 勿、莫1、毋
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 別
Mandarin Beijing 別
Taiwan 別、不要
Harbin 別
Jinan 別、別價、甭價、不要
Muping 別
Luoyang 嫑、甭、休
Jiedian 嫑、不要
Xi'an 嫑、不敢
Xining 嫑
Xuzhou 嫑、休
Lanzhou 不要
Ürümqi 嫑
Wuhan 莫1、不
Chengdu 莫1、不要、嫑
Guiyang 不要
Liuzhou 莫1、莫要
Yangzhou 莫1、不要
Nanjing 不要
Hefei 別、不要
Cantonese Guangzhou 咪、唔好
Hong Kong 咪、唔好
Shunde 咪
Zhongshan 咪
Dongguan 咪、唔好
Hong Kong (Weitou) 唔好
Taishan 唔好
Doumen 唔好
Kaiping 唔好
Shaoguan 咪
Yunfu 咪、唔好
Yangjiang 莫1、無好
Xinyi 毛
Lianjiang 冇
Nanning 冇要
Kuala Lumpur 咪
Gan Nanchang 莫1
Lichuan 毋要、不要
Pingxiang 不要
Hakka Meixian 莫1、毋愛、毋好
Xingning 毋愛
Huidong 毋好
Qujiang 毋好
Xiaosanjiang 毋好
Changting 毋要
Liancheng 毋要
Ninghua 毋要
Yudu 毋要、毋敢
Ruijin 毋要
Shicheng 毋要
Shangyou 毋要
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 毋好
Liudui (S. Sixian) 毋好
Hsinchu (Hailu) 毋好
Dongshi (Dabu) 毋好
Zhuolan (Raoping) 毋好
Yunlin (Zhao'an) 毋好
Hong Kong 毋好
Sabah 毋愛
Senai 毋好
Huizhou Shexian 不要、嫑
Tunxi 不要、嫑
Jixi 不要、嫑
Jin Taiyuan 不要、不敢
Xinzhou 不要、嫑、播
Min Bei Jian'ou 伓敢、伓讓、莫1
Min Dong Fuzhou 伓通、莫1
Fuqing 伓通
Matsu 莫1
Min Nan Xiamen 毋通、毋愛、莫2
Quanzhou 毋通、毋愛
Zhangzhou 毋通、莫2
Taipei 莫2
Kaohsiung 莫2
Tainan 莫2
Lukang 莫2
Sanxia 莫去
Yilan 毋通、莫2
Pingnan 別
Chaozhou 孬、莫2
Johor Bahru 孬
Haikou 無用、莫2、無莫
Leizhou 無地
Pinghua Nanning 冇要
Wu Shanghai 勿要、𧟰
Suzhou 𧟰
Hangzhou 嫑
Wenzhou 𧟰
Chongming 𧟰
Danyang 弗要、𫸻
Jinhua 𫸻、弗要、弗用
Ningbo 甮
Xiang Changsha 莫1、不要
Shuangfeng 莫1
Loudi 不要、莫1
Quanzhou 別

Compounds

Etymology 2

simp. and trad.
 莫
alt. forms 勿
嘜／唛
麥／麦
賣／卖

Contraction of 毋愛／毋爱 (m̄-ài).

Pronunciation

Definitions

莫

(Min Nan)
  1. do not; don't; must not
  2. to not want

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 別 (“do not”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 勿、莫1、毋
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 別
Mandarin Beijing 別
Taiwan 別、不要
Harbin 別
Jinan 別、別價、甭價、不要
Muping 別
Luoyang 嫑、甭、休
Jiedian 嫑、不要
Xi'an 嫑、不敢
Xining 嫑
Xuzhou 嫑、休
Lanzhou 不要
Ürümqi 嫑
Wuhan 莫1、不
Chengdu 莫1、不要、嫑
Guiyang 不要
Liuzhou 莫1、莫要
Yangzhou 莫1、不要
Nanjing 不要
Hefei 別、不要
Cantonese Guangzhou 咪、唔好
Hong Kong 咪、唔好
Shunde 咪
Zhongshan 咪
Dongguan 咪、唔好
Hong Kong (Weitou) 唔好
Taishan 唔好
Doumen 唔好
Kaiping 唔好
Shaoguan 咪
Yunfu 咪、唔好
Yangjiang 莫1、無好
Xinyi 毛
Lianjiang 冇
Nanning 冇要
Kuala Lumpur 咪
Gan Nanchang 莫1
Lichuan 毋要、不要
Pingxiang 不要
Hakka Meixian 莫1、毋愛、毋好
Xingning 毋愛
Huidong 毋好
Qujiang 毋好
Xiaosanjiang 毋好
Changting 毋要
Liancheng 毋要
Ninghua 毋要
Yudu 毋要、毋敢
Ruijin 毋要
Shicheng 毋要
Shangyou 毋要
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 毋好
Liudui (S. Sixian) 毋好
Hsinchu (Hailu) 毋好
Dongshi (Dabu) 毋好
Zhuolan (Raoping) 毋好
Yunlin (Zhao'an) 毋好
Hong Kong 毋好
Sabah 毋愛
Senai 毋好
Huizhou Shexian 不要、嫑
Tunxi 不要、嫑
Jixi 不要、嫑
Jin Taiyuan 不要、不敢
Xinzhou 不要、嫑、播
Min Bei Jian'ou 伓敢、伓讓、莫1
Min Dong Fuzhou 伓通、莫1
Fuqing 伓通
Matsu 莫1
Min Nan Xiamen 毋通、毋愛、莫2
Quanzhou 毋通、毋愛
Zhangzhou 毋通、莫2
Taipei 莫2
Kaohsiung 莫2
Tainan 莫2
Lukang 莫2
Sanxia 莫去
Yilan 毋通、莫2
Pingnan 別
Chaozhou 孬、莫2
Johor Bahru 孬
Haikou 無用、莫2、無莫
Leizhou 無地
Pinghua Nanning 冇要
Wu Shanghai 勿要、𧟰
Suzhou 𧟰
Hangzhou 嫑
Wenzhou 𧟰
Chongming 𧟰
Danyang 弗要、𫸻
Jinhua 𫸻、弗要、弗用
Ningbo 甮
Xiang Changsha 莫1、不要
Shuangfeng 莫1
Loudi 不要、莫1
Quanzhou 別

Etymology 3

simp. and trad.
 莫

Pronunciation

Definitions

莫

  1. † Original form of 暮 (mù, “dusk; late”).
  2. † a kind of vegetable

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

莫

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

  1. late
  2. end
  3. not be
  4. must not

Readings

Korean

Hanja

莫 • (mak, mo) (hangeul 막, 모, revised mak, mo, McCune–Reischauer mak, mo, Yale mak, mo)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

莫 (mạc)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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