吃

See also: 喫
吃 U+5403, 吃
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5403
← 吂
[U+5402] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 各 →
[U+5404]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

吃 (radical 30 口+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 口人弓 (RON), four-corner 68017, composition ⿰口乞)

References

  • KangXi: page 174, character 17
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3280
  • Dae Jaweon: page 387, character 10
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 579, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+5403

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (乞) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
乞 *kʰɯds, *kʰɯd
盵 *kʰɯds
齕 *ɡɯːd, *ɡuːd
紇 *ɡɯːd, *ɡuːd
籺 *ɡɯːd
圪 *ŋrɯd, *ŋɯd
訖 *kɯd
吃 *kɯd
扢 *kɯd, *kuːd, *ɡuːd
疙 *ŋɯd
屹 *ŋɯd
仡 *ŋɯd, *hŋɯd
迄 *hŋɯd
釳 *hŋɯd
忔 *hŋɯd
汔 *hŋɯd
矻 *kʰuːd
麧 *ɡuːd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kɯd) : semantic 口 + phonetic 乞 (OC *kʰɯds, *kʰɯd).

Pronunciation 1

trad. 吃/喫*
simp. 吃
alt. forms 切 Shanghai
Note: Often written as 喫.
  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 吃
Mandarin Beijing /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵⁵/
Harbin /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁴⁴/
Tianjin /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²¹/
Jinan /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²¹³/
Qingdao /tʃʰz̩⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²⁴/
Xi'an /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²¹/
Xining /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩¹³/
Lanzhou /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩¹³/
Ürümqi /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²¹³/
Wuhan /t͡ɕʰi²¹³/
Chengdu /t͡sʰz̩³¹/
Guiyang /t͡sʰz̩²¹/
/t͡ɕʰia²¹/ ～虧
Kunming /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩³¹/
Nanjing /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩ʔ⁵/
Hefei /t͡ɕʰiəʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡sʰəʔ²/
Pingyao /ʈ͡ʂʰʌʔ¹³/
Hohhot /t͡sʰəʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /t͡ɕʰiɪʔ⁵/
Suzhou /t͡ɕʰiəʔ⁵/
Hangzhou /t͡ɕʰioʔ⁵/
Wenzhou /t͡sʰz̩²¹³/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕʰiʔ²¹/
Tunxi /t͡ɕʰi⁵/
Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕʰi²⁴/
/t͡ɕʰia²⁴/
Xiangtan /t͡ɕʰio²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕʰiɑʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /t͡sʰət̚¹/
Taoyuan /kʰet̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /hɛk̚³/
Nanning /hɛk̚³³/
/hɐt̚⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /hɛk̚³/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan)
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /kʰɛiʔ²³/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /ki²⁴/
/i⁴²/ 俗
Shantou (Min Nan) /ŋiak̚²/
Haikou (Min Nan) /xit̚⁵/

Definitions

吃

  1. to eat; to consume
    他很喜歡吃飯。 / 他很喜欢吃饭。  ―  Tā hěn xǐhuān chīfàn.  ―  He loves to eat.
    你吃飯了嗎？ / 你吃饭了吗？  ―  Nǐ chīfàn le ma?  ―  Have you eaten? (also a greeting)
  2. to live on
  3. to suffer; to endure; to bear
    吃苦  ―  chīkǔ  ―  to endure hardship
    吃虧 / 吃亏  ―  chīkuī  ―  to suffer losses, to be at a disadvantage
  4. to exhaust; to be a strain
  5. to drink
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 吃 (“to eat”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 食
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 吃
Mandarin Beijing 吃
Taiwan 吃
Jinan 吃
Xi'an 吃
Wuhan 吃
Chengdu 吃
Yangzhou 吃
Hefei 吃
Cantonese Guangzhou 食
Hong Kong 食
Shunde 食
Zhongshan 喫
Dongguan 食
Taishan 吃
Doumen 吃
Kaiping 吃
Shaoguan 食
Yunfu 食
Yangjiang 吃
Xinyi 食
Lianjiang 食
Gan Nanchang 喫
Hakka Meixian 食
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 食
Liudui (S. Sixian) 食
Hsinchu (Hailu) 食
Dongshi (Dabu) 食
Zhuolan (Raoping) 食
Yunlin (Zhao'an) 食
Jin Taiyuan 吃
Min Bei Jian'ou 食
Min Dong Fuzhou 食
Min Nan Xiamen 食
Taipei 食
Chaozhou 食
Wu Shanghai 吃
Suzhou 吃
Wenzhou 吃
Xiang Changsha 吃
Shuangfeng 吃
Dialectal synonyms of 喝 (“to drink”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 飲
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 喝
Mandarin Beijing 喝
Taiwan 喝
Jinan 喝
Xi'an 喝
Wuhan 喝、呵、汩
Chengdu 吃、呵
Yangzhou 喝、吃
Hefei 喝
Cantonese Guangzhou 飲、呷
Hong Kong 飲、呷
Taishan 飲
Yangjiang 呷、吃
Gan Nanchang 喫
Hakka Meixian 食、啜
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 食、啉、飲
Liudui (S. Sixian) 食、啉、飲
Hsinchu (Hailu) 食、啉、飲
Dongshi (Dabu) 食、啉、飲
Zhuolan (Raoping) 食、啉、飲
Yunlin (Zhao'an) 啉、食
Jin Taiyuan 喝
Min Bei Jian'ou 啜、食
Min Dong Fuzhou 啜
Min Nan Xiamen 啉、食、哈
Quanzhou 啉、食、哈
Zhangzhou 啉、食
Taipei 啉
Kaohsiung 啉
Tainan 啉、呵、食、灌
Taichung 啉
Hsinchu 啉、哈
Lukang 啉
Sanxia 啉
Yilan 啉、呵、食
Kinmen 啉
Magong 食、啉
Penang 啉
Singapore 啉
Philippines (Manila) 啉
Chaozhou 食、啉
Wu Shanghai 吃、喝
Suzhou 吃、呷、呼
Wenzhou 呷、吃
Xiang Changsha 吃
Shuangfeng 吃、呵

Compounds

Pronunciation 2

simp. and trad.
 吃
Rime
Character 吃
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 迄 (58)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) Chongniu III
Fanqie 居乙切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kɨt̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kɨt̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kiət̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kɨt̚/
Li
Rong		 /kiət̚/
Wang
Li		 /kĭət̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ki̯ət̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 ji
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 吃
Reading # 1/1
No. 10080
Phonetic
component		 乞
Rime
group		 物
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese		 /*kɯd/

Definitions

吃

  1. to stammer; to stutter; to falter
    口吃  ―  kǒuchī  ―  to stammer, to stutter

Compounds

Pronunciation 3

simp. and trad.
 吃

Definitions

吃

  1. Only used in 吃吃 (qīqī).

Japanese

Kanji

吃

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

  1. stammering, stuttering
  2. accept, comply

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
吃
ままなき
Hyōgaiji
Irregular

Attested in the Ruiju Myōgishō (c. 12th century).[1]

Likely a compound of 儘 (mama, “remaining at a certain state”) + 泣き (naki), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 泣く (naku, “to cry”). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

Noun

吃 (hiragana ままなき, rōmaji mamanaki)

  1. stammering, stuttering
  2. a stutterer
Synonyms

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
吃
ちー
Hyōgaiji
Irregular

Borrowed from Mandarin 吃 (chī, literally “to eat”)[1][2]

Pronunciation

Noun

吃 (katakana チー, rōmaji chī)

  1. (mahjong) chow (meld of three tiles that form a sequence)
Usage notes
  • Usually written in kana alone.
Coordinate terms

References

  1. 1 2 3 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

吃 • (heul) (hangeul 흘)

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Vietnamese

Han character

吃 (khật, hấc, hất, hớt, ngát, ngặt, ngật, ực, cật)

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