呵

See also: 訶
呵 U+5475, 呵
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5475
← 呴
[U+5474] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 呶 →
[U+5476]

Translingual

Han character

呵 (radical 30, 口+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 口一弓口 (RMNR), four-corner 61020, composition ⿰口可)

References

  • KangXi: page 183, character 2
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3459
  • Dae Jaweon: page 402, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 598, character 10
  • Unihan data for U+5475

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 呵

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (可) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
砢 *ɡ·raːlʔ
柯 *kaːl
菏 *kaːl, *ɡaːl
牁 *kaːl
滒 *kaːl
哥 *kaːl
歌 *kaːl
謌 *kaːl
鴚 *kaːl
哿 *kaːlʔ
舸 *kaːlʔ
笴 *kaːlʔ, *kaːnʔ
軻 *kʰaːl, *kʰaːlʔ, *kʰaːls
珂 *kʰaːl
可 *kʰaːlʔ
岢 *kʰaːlʔ
坷 *kʰaːlʔ, *kʰaːls
蚵 *kʰaːls, *ɡaːl
呵 *qʰaːl, *qʰaːls
訶 *qʰaːl
抲 *qʰaːl
荷 *qʰaːls, *ɡaːl, *ɡaːlʔ
何 *ɡaːl, *ɡaːlʔ
河 *ɡaːl
苛 *ɡaːl
魺 *ɡaːl
袔 *ɡaːls
阿 *qaːl
妸 *qaːl, *qaːlʔ
疴 *qaːl, *kʰraːls
鈳 *qaːl
娿 *qaːl, *qaːlʔ
痾 *qaːl
跒 *kʰraːlʔ
閜 *qʰraːlʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *qʰaːl, *qʰaːls) : semantic 口 + phonetic 可 (OC *kʰaːlʔ).

Pronunciation 1

Note:
  • ŏ̤ - literary;
  • hŏ̤ - vernacular (sound of laughter).
Note:
  • ho - literary;
  • o - 阿 is used in the Mainland.
Rime
Character 呵
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 曉 (32)
Final (韻) 歌 (94)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 虎何切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /hɑ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /hɑ/
Shao
Rongfen		 /xɑ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ha/
Li
Rong		 /xɑ/
Wang
Li		 /xɑ/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /xɑ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 hē
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 呵
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 hē
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ xa ›
Old
Chinese		 /*qʰˤaj/
English scold

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 呵
Reading # 1/2
No. 7453
Phonetic
component		 可
Rime
group		 歌
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 訶
Old
Chinese		 /*qʰaːl/
Notes 同訶，又集韻笑、氣出，今字作哈

Definitions

呵

  1. Alternative form of 訶／诃 (hē, “to berate; to scold”).
  2. to shout; to cry out
  3. to cherish; to treasure; to protect
  4. (onomatopoeia) Sound of laughing.
  5. Exclamation particle for expressing surprise.
  6. (dialectal) to smoke (tobacco)

Compounds

Pronunciation 2

Note:
  • hĕ̤ - vernacular;
  • hŏ̤ - literary.
Rime
Character 呵
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 曉 (32)
Final (韻) 歌 (94)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 呼箇切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /hɑH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /hɑH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /xɑH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /haH/
Li
Rong		 /xɑH/
Wang
Li		 /xɑH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /xɑH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 hè
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 呵
Reading # 2/2
No. 7456
Phonetic
component		 可
Rime
group		 歌
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 呵
Old
Chinese		 /*qʰaːls/

Definitions

呵

  1. to expel breath; to slowly breathe out

Compounds

Pronunciation 3

Definitions

呵

  1. Used in transcriptions.

Compounds

Pronunciation 4

Definitions

呵

  1. † Alternative form of 哈 (hā, “to bend over”).

Pronunciation 5

Note: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.

Definitions

呵

  1. † Alternative form of 啊 (“exclamation particle”).

Pronunciation 6

Definitions

呵

  1. † Alternative form of 啊 (“modal particle”).

Pronunciation 7

Definitions

呵

  1. (dialectal) to cheat; to deceive

Japanese

Kanji

呵

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

  1. scold, disapprove

Readings

Korean

Hanja

呵 • (ga) (hangeul 가, revised ga, McCune–Reischauer ka)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

呵 (ha, há, hả, hà, khá, khà)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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