啉

啉	U+5549, 啉 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5549

← 啈
[U+5548]

CJK Unified Ideographs

啊 →
[U+554A]

Translingual

Han character

啉 (radical 30 口+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 口木木 (RDD), four-corner 6409, composition ⿰口林)

References

KangXi: page 195, character 3
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3806
Dae Jaweon: page 416, character 3
Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 637, character 7
Unihan data for U+5549

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (林) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
婪	*ɡ·ruːm
惏	*ɡ·ruːm
啉	*ɡ·ruːm
漤	*ɡ·ruːmʔ
醂	*ɡ·ruːmʔ
林	*ɡ·rɯm
琳	*ɡ·rɯm
淋	ɡ·rɯm, ɡ·rɯms
痳	*ɡ·rɯm
箖	*ɡ·rɯm
霖	*ɡ·rɯm
菻	ɡ·rɯmʔ, ɡ·rɯms
罧	slɯmʔ, srɯms
棽	r̥ʰɯm, srɯm
綝	*r̥ʰɯm
郴	*r̥ʰɯm
禁	krɯm, krɯms
襟	*krɯm
僸	krɯms, ŋɡrɯmʔ
澿	*ɡrɯm
噤	ɡrɯmʔ, ɡrɯms
凚	ɡrɯmʔ, ɡrɯms
齽	*ɡrɯms

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡ·ruːm) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 林 (OC *ɡ·rɯm).

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.		啉
alt. forms		𠵂飲／饮 dialectal 啿 Teochew

Related to Thai ดื่ม (dʉ̀ʉm, “to drink”) (Schuessler, 2007).

This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): lán (lan²)

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄢˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): laam⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): lîm
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): lim / lâm

(Teochew, Peng'im): lim¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: lán
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄢˊ
  - Wade–Giles: lan²
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lan
  - IPA ^(key): /la̠n³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: laam⁴
  - Yale: làahm
  - Cantonese Pinyin: laam⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: lam⁴
  - IPA ^(key): /lɑːm²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lîm
  - Hakka Romanization System: lim´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: lim¹
  - IPA: /lim²⁴/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lim
  - Tâi-lô: lim
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lym
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /lim⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /lim³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lâm
  - Tâi-lô: lâm
  - Phofsit Daibuun: laam
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /lam²⁴/

Note:

lim - vernacular;
lâm - literary.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: lim¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lim
  - IPA ^(key): /lim³³/

Middle Chinese: /lʌm/▼

Rime
Character	啉
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	覃 (159)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	盧含切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lʌm/
Pan Wuyun	/ləm/
Shao Rongfen	/lɒm/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ləm/
Li Rong	/lᴀm/
Wang Li	/lɒm/
Bernard Karlgren	/lăm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lán

Old Chinese▼
(Zhengzhang): /*ɡ·ruːm/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	啉
Reading #	1/1
No.	8162
Phonetic component	林
Rime group	侵
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	婪
Old Chinese	/*ɡ·ruːm/

Definitions

啉

^† to pour a round of alcoholic drink
^† to finish drinking
(Hakka, Min Nan) to drink

你欲啉茶抑是咖啡？ [Taiwanese, trad. and simp.]
Lí beh lim tê ia̍h-sī ka-pi? [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
Do you want to drink tea or coffee?
(Hokkien) to drink alcohol

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 喝 (“to drink”) [map]
Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		飲
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		喝
Mandarin	Beijing	喝
	Taiwan	喝
	Jinan	喝
	Xi'an	喝
	Wuhan	喝、呵、汩
	Chengdu	吃、呵
	Yangzhou	喝、吃
	Hefei	喝
Cantonese	Guangzhou	飲、呷
	Hong Kong	飲、呷
	Taishan	飲
	Yangjiang	呷、吃
Gan	Nanchang	喫
Hakka	Meixian	食、啜
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	食、啉、飲
	Liudui (S. Sixian)	食、啉、飲
	Hsinchu (Hailu)	食、啉、飲
	Dongshi (Dabu)	食、啉、飲
	Zhuolan (Raoping)	食、啉、飲
	Yunlin (Zhao'an)	啉、食
Jin	Taiyuan	喝
Min Bei	Jian'ou	啜、食
Min Dong	Fuzhou	啜
Min Nan	Xiamen	啉、食、哈
	Quanzhou	啉、食、哈
	Zhangzhou	啉、食
	Taipei	啉
	Kaohsiung	啉
	Tainan	啉、呵、食、灌
	Taichung	啉
	Hsinchu	啉、哈
	Lukang	啉
	Sanxia	啉
	Yilan	啉、呵、食
	Kinmen	啉
	Magong	食、啉
	Penang	啉
	Singapore	啉
	Philippines (Manila)	啉
	Chaozhou	食、啉
Wu	Shanghai	吃、喝
	Suzhou	吃、呷、呼
	Wenzhou	呷、吃
Xiang	Changsha	吃
Xiang	Shuangfeng	吃、呵

Descendants

→ English: lim

Compounds

啉食

Etymology 2

simp. and trad.		啉
alt. forms		𠵂

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): lán (lan²)

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄢˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): laam⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: lán
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄢˊ
  - Wade–Giles: lan²
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lan
  - IPA ^(key): /la̠n³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: laam⁴
  - Yale: làahm
  - Cantonese Pinyin: laam⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: lam⁴
  - IPA ^(key): /lɑːm²¹/

Middle Chinese: /lʌm/▼

Rime
Character	啉
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	覃 (159)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	盧含切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lʌm/
Pan Wuyun	/ləm/
Shao Rongfen	/lɒm/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ləm/
Li Rong	/lᴀm/
Wang Li	/lɒm/
Bernard Karlgren	/lăm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lán

Old Chinese▼
(Zhengzhang): /*ɡ·ruːm/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	啉
Reading #	1/1
No.	8162
Phonetic component	林
Rime group	侵
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	婪
Old Chinese	/*ɡ·ruːm/

Definitions

啉

^† Alternative form of 婪 (lán, “to covet”).
^† to be clamorous; to be noisy

Etymology 3

simp. and trad.		啉
alt. forms		𠵂

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): lìn, làn, lèn (lin⁴, lan⁴, len⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄣˋ, ㄌㄢˋ, ㄌㄣˋ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: lìn
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄣˋ
  - Wade–Giles: lin⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: linn
  - IPA ^(key): /lin⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: làn
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄢˋ
  - Wade–Giles: lan⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lann
  - IPA ^(key): /la̠n⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: lèn
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄣˋ
  - Wade–Giles: lên⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lenn
  - IPA ^(key): /lən⁵¹/

Definitions

啉

^† stupid
- 足下其實啉，休裝㖔。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad.]
  足下其实啉，休装㖔。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, simp.]
  From: Wang Shifu, The Story of the Western Wing, 13^th – 14^th centuries CE
  Zúxià qíshí lìn, xiū zhuāng tǔn. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this example)

Etymology 4

simp. and trad.		啉

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): lín (lin²)

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄣˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): lam⁴
Min Nan (Teochew, Peng'im): lim⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: lín
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄣˊ
  - Wade–Giles: lin²
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lin
  - IPA ^(key): /lin³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: lam⁴
  - Yale: làhm
  - Cantonese Pinyin: lam⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: lem⁴
  - IPA ^(key): /lɐm²¹/
Min Nan
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: lim⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lîm
  - IPA ^(key): /lim⁵⁵/

Definitions

啉

Used in transcriptions, especially of chemical names.

Compounds

卟啉 (bǔlín)
咔啉 (kǎlín)
咕啉 (gūlín)

喹唑啉 (kuízuòlín)
喹啉 (kuílín)
喹喔啉 (kuí'ōlín)

嗎啉／吗啉 (mǎlín)
噌啉 (cēnglín)

References

“Entry #7042”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.

Japanese

Kanji

啉

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Goon: らん (ran), りん (rin)
Kan’on: らん (ran), りん (rin)
Kun: かまびすしい (kamabisushii), むさぼる (musaboru)

Korean

Hanja

啉 • (ram) (hangeul 람, revised ram, McCune–Reischauer ram)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

啉 (lăm, lằm, lầm, rắm, rầm, lảm, lâm, lẩm, lùm, rởm, trăm)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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