灌

See also: 潅

灌	U+704C, 灌 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-704C

← 灋
[U+704B]

CJK Unified Ideographs

灍 →
[U+704D]

Translingual

Han character

灌 (radical 85, 水+18, 21 strokes, cangjie input 水廿口土 (ETRG), four-corner 3411₄, composition ⿰氵雚)

References

KangXi: page 662, character 35

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18759

Dae Jaweon: page 1071, character 30

Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 1786, character 13

Unihan data for U+704C

Chinese

simp. and trad.		灌
alt. forms		浂 second round simplified

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (雚) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
觀	koːn, koːns
灌	*koːns
鸛	*koːns
瓘	*koːns
矔	koːns, kroːns
懽	koːns, qʰoːn
爟	*koːns
雚	*koːns
罐	*koːns
鑵	*koːns
歡	*qʰoːn
驩	*qʰoːn
貛	*qʰoːn
酄	*qʰoːn
獾	*qʰoːn
讙	qʰoːn, qʰon
嚾	*qʰoːns
權	*ɡron
顴	*ɡron
孉	*ɡron
蠸	*ɡron
虇	kʰonʔ, kʰons
勸	*kʰons

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *koːns) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 雚 (OC *koːns).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): guàn (guan⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄢˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gun³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kon
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): koàn

(Teochew, Peng'im): guêng³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: guàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄢˋ
  - Wade–Giles: kuan⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guann
  - IPA ^(key): /ku̯a̠n⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: gun³
  - Yale: gun
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gun³
  - Guangdong Romanization: gun³
  - IPA ^(key): /kuːn³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kon
  - Hakka Romanization System: gon
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gon⁴
  - IPA: /kon⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koàn
  - Tâi-lô: kuàn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: koaxn
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kuan²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kuan⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kuan²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kuan¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kuan²¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: guêng³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kuèng
  - IPA ^(key): /kueŋ²¹³/

Middle Chinese: /kuɑn^H/▼

Rime
Character	灌
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	桓 (62)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	古玩切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kuɑn^H/
Pan Wuyun	/kʷɑn^H/
Shao Rongfen	/kuɑn^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kwan^H/
Li Rong	/kuɑn^H/
Wang Li	/kuɑn^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/kuɑn^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	guàn

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[C.qʷ]ˤar-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*koːns/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	灌
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	guàn
Middle Chinese	‹ kwan^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[C.qʷ]ˤar-s/
English	pour, drip
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	灌
Reading #	1/1
No.	4478
Phonetic component	雚
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	貫
Old Chinese	/*koːns/

Definitions

灌

to fill (with liquid), to pour, to water
to irrigate, to flood
(Taiwan) to install (software)
(chiefly Taiwan) to record (music)

Compounds

Derived terms from 灌

倒灌
冬灌
半灌木
叢灌／丛灌
噴灑灌溉／喷洒灌溉
如湯灌雪／如汤灌雪
如雷灌耳 (rú léi guàn ěr)
抱甕灌圃／抱瓮灌圃
排灌
提灌
春灌
海水倒灌
淹灌
溝灌／沟灌
漫灌
潛灌／潜灌
澆灌／浇灌 (jiāoguàn)
灌區／灌区
灌口二郎

灌唱片
灌園食力／灌园食力
灌夫罵坐／灌夫骂坐
灌救
灌木 (guànmù)
灌水 (guànshuǐ)
灌注 (guànzhù)
灌注器
灌溉 (guàngài)
灌溉工程
灌溉渠
灌滌／灌涤
灌漿／灌浆
灌灌
灌瓜之義／灌瓜之义
灌籃／灌篮
灌精兒／灌精儿
灌腸／灌肠 (guàncháng)
灌膿／灌脓

灌輸／灌输 (guànshū)
灌迷湯／灌迷汤
灌酒
灌醉 (guànzuì)
灌錄／灌录
灌音
灌頂／灌顶
灌香腸／灌香肠
灌黃湯／灌黄汤
畦溝灌溉／畦沟灌溉
盤灌法／盘灌法
絳灌／绛灌
罵坐灌夫／骂坐灌夫
自流灌溉
莽灌夫
負壺灌區／负壶灌区
輪流灌溉／轮流灌溉
醍醐灌頂／醍醐灌顶 (tíhúguàndǐng)
錄灌／录灌

Japanese

Shinjitai	潅
Kyūjitai	灌

Kanji

灌

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 潅)

pour

Readings

On (unclassified): かん (kan)
Kun: そそぐ (sosogu, 灌ぐ)

Korean

Hanja

灌 • (gwan) (hangeul 관)

Vietnamese

Han character

灌 (quán)

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