火

火 U+706B, 火
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-706B
← 灪
[U+706A] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 灬 →
[U+706C]

Translingual

Stroke order

Alternative forms

  • 灬 (when used as a bottom Chinese radical)

Han character

火 (radical 86, 火+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 火 (F), four-corner 90800, composition ⿱八人)

  1. Kangxi radical #86, ⽕.

Derived characters

  • Index:Chinese radical/火
  • 黑 (黒)

References

  • KangXi: page 665, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18850
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1073, character 19
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 2187, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+706B

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 火

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 火
Shang Western Zhou Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (火) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
火 *qʰʷaːlʔ
邩 *qʰʷaːlʔ
伙 *qʰʷaːlʔ

Pictogram (象形) – pictographic representation of a fire.

Etymology

Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *mej.

Pronunciation

Note:
  • huōi - colloquial;
  • huō - literary.
Note:
  • hóⁿ - literary;
  • hér/hé/hóe - vernacular.
Rime
Character 火
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 曉 (32)
Final (韻) 戈 (95)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 呼果切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /huɑX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /huɑX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /xuɑX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /hwaX/
Li
Rong		 /xuɑX/
Wang
Li		 /xuɑX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /xuɑX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 huǒ
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 火
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 huǒ
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ xwaX ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[qʷʰ]ˤəjʔ/
English fire

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 火
Reading # 1/1
No. 5540
Phonetic
component		 火
Rime
group		 歌
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 火
Old
Chinese		 /*qʰʷaːlʔ/

Definitions

火

  1. fire; flame
  2. fire (as a disaster); inferno
  3. red; fiery; bright; brilliant
  4. to burn down
  5. light; torch
  6. anger; rage; wrath
  7. to become enraged
  8. angry; furious
  9. (traditional Chinese medicine) internal heat
  10. firearm; ammunition; weapon
  11. war; warfare
  12. thriving; brisk
  13. urgent; pressing
  14. (neologism) to become popular; to go viral
  15. (Cantonese) watt (unit of power)
    Synonyms: 瓦特 (wǎtè), 瓦 (wǎ)
  16. Short for 火星 (Huǒxīng, “Mars”).

Compounds

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (火):
  • Japanese: 火 (か) (ka)
  • Korean: 화 (火, hwa)
  • Vietnamese: hoả (火)

Japanese

Kanji

火

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. fire
  2. light
  3. burning
  4. passion
  5. imminently
  6. explosive

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1

火 (hi, ho, fu, ka): fire.
Kanji in this term
火
ひ
Grade: 1
kun’yomi

⟨hi2⟩ → */pɨ/ → */fɨ/ → /fi/ → /hi/

From Old Japanese.[1]

Apophonic form of ho (see below), possibly by fusion with emphatic particle い (i). Compare the development of 木 (ko → ki, “tree”).

Pronunciation

Noun

火 (hiragana ひ, rōmaji hi)

  1. term relating to fire:
    1. a flame
      Synonyms: 火気 (kaki), ファイア (faia), 炎 (honō)
    2. cooking fire
    3. a firestarter
    4. sparks
    5. heat
      Synonyms: 火熱 (kanetsu), 熱 (netsu)
    6. a conflagration
      Synonyms: 火災 (kasai), 火事 (kaji)
    7. a signal fire
      Synonym: 狼煙 (noroshi)
  2. (by extension) a light
  3. a burning passion
  4. menstruation
    Synonym: 月経 (gekkei)
Derived terms
Idioms

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
火
ほ
Grade: 1
kun’yomi

/po/ → /fo/ → /ho/

From Old Japanese.[1]

Combining form of hi (see above). Probably the oldest form, possibly cognate with Korean 불 (bul, “fire”).

Pronunciation

Noun

火 (hiragana ほ, rōmaji ho)

  1. a fire
Derived terms

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
火
ふ
Grade: 1
kun’yomi

/pu/ → /fu/

From Old Japanese. Ancient dialect form in eastern Japan,[1] attested in only one source (see derivative term 葦火 (ashifu)).

Pronunciation

Noun

火 (hiragana ふ, rōmaji fu)

  1. (regional) a fire
Derived terms

Etymology 4

火（か）: fire in the Wu Xing system
火（か）: Antares in the Scorpio constellation
Kanji in this term
火
か
Grade: 1
on’yomi

/kwa/ → /ka/

From Middle Chinese 火 (MC huɑX).[1]

Pronunciation

Noun

火 (hiragana か, rōmaji ka, historical hiragana くわ)

  1. a fire
  2. one of the five classical elements in traditional Chinese philosophy and medicine: see Wu Xing on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
  3. under the old Ritsuryō system of ancient Japan, a military grouping, consisting of 10 soldiers: a squad
    Synonym: 分隊 (buntai)

Proper noun

火 (hiragana か, rōmaji Ka, historical hiragana くわ)

  1. Tuesday
    Synonyms: 火曜 (Kayō), 火曜日 (Kayōbi)
  2. Antares, in the constellation Scorpio
    Synonym: アンタレス (Antaresu)

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. 1 2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

火 (eumhun 불 화 (bul hwa))

  1. fire

Compounds

Noun

火 • (hwa) (hangeul 화)

  1. fire
  2. anger
  3. (as an abbreviation) Tuesday

Synonyms

  • (Tuesday): 화요일 (hwayoil, “Tuesday”)

Vietnamese

Han character

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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