時

See also: 时
時 U+6642, 時
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6642
← 晁
[U+6641] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 晃 →
[U+6643]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

時 (radical 72, 日+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 日土木戈 (AGDI), four-corner 64041, composition ⿰日寺)

Derived characters

  • 𠺮(𫪅), 塒(埘), 𡻄, 𭝿, 𪮛, 溡(𪶄), 榯, 𬌦(𬌠), 𤨅, 𥻵(𬖞), 𨃯, 𨫉, 鰣(鲥), 𪕵, 𪰰, 嵵, 蒔(莳), 𥱯, 𬰈

References

  • KangXi: page 494, character 22
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13890
  • Dae Jaweon: page 859, character 15
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1505, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+6642

Chinese

trad. 時
simp. 时
alt. forms 旹

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 時
Shang Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (寺) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
等 *tɯːʔ, *tɯːŋʔ
待 *dɯːʔ
寺 *ljɯs
持 *l'ɯ
峙 *dɯʔ
痔 *dɯʔ
跱 *dɯʔ
歭 *dɯʔ
洔 *dɯʔ, *tjɯʔ
畤 *dɯʔ, *tjɯʔ, *djɯʔ
秲 *dɯʔ, *djɯs
庤 *dɯʔ
時 *djɯ
鰣 *djɯ
塒 *djɯ
蒔 *djɯ, *djɯs
榯 *djɯ
恃 *djɯʔ
侍 *djɯs
詩 *hljɯ
邿 *hljɯ
特 *dɯːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *djɯ) : semantic 日 (“sun; day”) + phonetic 寺 (OC *ljɯs).

In ancient scripts, it had the form 旹, with 之 (OC *tjɯ) as the phonetic instead.

Pronunciation

  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 時
Mandarin Beijing /ʂʐ̩³⁵/
Harbin /ʂʐ̩²⁴/
Tianjin /sz̩⁴⁵/
Jinan /ʂʐ̩⁴²/
Qingdao /ʂʐ̩⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ʂʐ̩⁴²/
Xi'an /sz̩²⁴/
Xining /sz̩²⁴/
Yinchuan /ʂʐ̩⁵³/
Lanzhou /ʂʐ̩⁵³/
Ürümqi /sz̩⁵¹/
Wuhan /sz̩²¹³/
Chengdu /sz̩³¹/
Guiyang /sz̩²¹/
Kunming /ʂʐ̩³¹/
Nanjing /ʂʐ̩²⁴/
Hefei /ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /sz̩¹¹/
Pingyao /sz̩¹³/
Hohhot /sz̩³¹/
Wu Shanghai /zz̩²³/
Suzhou /zz̩ʷ¹³/
Hangzhou /zz̩²¹³/
Wenzhou /zz̩³¹/
Hui Shexian /sz̩⁴⁴/
Tunxi /ɕi⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /ʂʐ̩¹³/
Xiangtan /ʂʐ̩¹²/
Gan Nanchang /sz̩⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /sz̩¹¹/
Taoyuan /ʃï¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /si²¹/
Nanning /si²¹/
Hong Kong /si²¹/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /si³⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /si⁵³/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /si³³/
Shantou (Min Nan) /si⁵⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /ti³¹/
Rime
Character 時
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 常 (25)
Final (韻) 之 (19)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 市之切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /d͡ʑɨ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /d͡ʑɨ/
Shao
Rongfen		 /d͡ʑie/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /d͡ʑɨ/
Li
Rong		 /ʑiə/
Wang
Li		 /ʑĭə/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ʑi/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 chí
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 時
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 shí
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ dzyi ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[d]ə/ (~ *[d]əʔ)
English time

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 時
Reading # 1/1
No. 12042
Phonetic
component		 寺
Rime
group		 之
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 時
Old
Chinese		 /*djɯ/

Definitions

時

  1. time, season
  2. seasonal
  3. hour
  4. era, age, period
  5. opportunity
  6. current, contemporary
  7. when, time when
    白銀可以指：銀，貴金屬，用做貨幣時可稱為白銀 [MSC, trad.]
    白银可以指：银，贵金属，用做货币时可称为白银 [MSC, simp.]
    From: Chinese Wikipedia, 白銀
    Báiyín kěyǐ zhǐ: Yín, guìjīnshǔ, yòngzuò huòbì shí kě chēngwèi báiyín [Pinyin]
    Baiyin may refer to: silver, a precious metal; when used as currency it may be referred to as baiyin
  8. occasionally

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

時

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. time

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
時
とき
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

/to2ki1/ invalid IPA characters (21) → /toki/

From Old Japanese. Found in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.[1]

Pronunciation

Noun

時 (hiragana とき, rōmaji toki)

  1. time
    時 (とき)の流 (なが)れ
    toki no nagare
    the flow of time
  2. a case, occasion, time
    困 (こま)った時 (とき)は私 (わたし)に相 (そう)談 (だん)してください。
    Komatta toki wa watashi ni sōdan shite kudasai.
    Please consult with me when troubled (in times of trouble).
  3. time of something
  4. a season
  5. a tense
Derived terms

Suffix

時 (hiragana どき, rōmaji -doki)

  1. time of...; time for...

Proper noun

時 (hiragana とき, rōmaji Toki)

  1. a female given name

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
時
じ
Grade: 2
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 時 (MC d͡ʑɨ). The goon reading, so likely the initial borrowing.

Pronunciation

  • On’yomi: Goon
    • IPA(key): [d͡ʑi]
  • The pitch accent depends on the entire appended word.

Counter

時 (hiragana じ, rōmaji -ji)

  1. hour, o’clock
    時 (と)計 (けい)を見 (み)ると、ちょうど１ (じゅう)２ (に)時 (じ)３４ (さんじゅうよん)分 (ぷん)５６ (ごじゅうろく)秒 (びょう)だった。
    Tokei o miru to, chōdo jūni-ji sanjūyon-pun gojūroku-byō datta.
    When I looked at the clock, it was just 56 seconds past 12:34.
Derived terms

Suffix

時 (hiragana じ, rōmaji -ji)

  1. at the time of

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
時
さだ
Grade: 2
Irregular

/sida/ → /sada/

Sound shift from Old Japanese しだ (sida, “doing time, opportunity”).[4]

Noun

時 (hiragana さだ, rōmaji sada)

  1. (obsolete) chance; time; prime of life (Can we verify(+) this sense?)
    • c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 11, poem 2732), text here
      奥 (おきつ)波 (なみ)邊 (へ)浪 (なみ)之 (の)来 (き)縁 (よる)左 (さ)太 (だ)能 (の)浦 (うら)之 (の)此 (この)左太 (さだ)過 (すぎ)而 (て)後 (のち)将戀 (こひむ)可 (か)聞 (も) [Man'yōgana]
      沖 (おき)つ波 (なみ)辺 (へ)波 (なみ)の来 (き)寄 (よ)る佐 (さ)太 (だ)の浦 (うら)のこのさだ過 (す)ぎて後 (のち)恋 (こ)ひむかも [Modern spelling]
      oki tsu nami he-nami no ki-yoru Sada-no-ura no kono sada sugite nochi koimu kamo
      Sounding like the bay of Sada, whence the waves of the offing and of the coatside approach, this chance has passed away; afterwards alas, I can but long for her! (from far)[5]

References

  1. ↑ c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 3, poem 467), text here
  2. ↑ 1974, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Second Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō
  3. ↑ Hirayama, Tetsuo (1960) 全国アクセント辞典 (Nationwide Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: 東京堂,.
  4. ↑ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  5. ↑ Jan Lodewijk Pierson, Jr. (1960) The Manyôśû Translated and Annotated Book XV, Leiden: Brill Archive (E.J. Brill), page 335

Korean

Hanja

時 • (si) (hangeul 시, McCune–Reischauer si, Yale si)

  1. time

Vietnamese

Han character

時 (thì, thời)

  1. time
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