林

林 U+6797, 林
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6797
← 枖
[U+6796] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 枘 →
[U+6798]
林 U+F9F4, 林
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9F4
← 麟
[U+F9F3] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 淋 →
[U+F9F5]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

林 (radical 75, 木+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 木木 (DD), four-corner 44990, composition ⿰木木)

Derived characters

  • 菻
  • 歴 (in Japanese shinjitai)

References

  • KangXi: page 516, character 5
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14551
  • Dae Jaweon: page 903, character 19
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1164, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+6797

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 林

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 林
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (林) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
婪 *ɡ·ruːm
惏 *ɡ·ruːm
啉 *ɡ·ruːm
漤 *ɡ·ruːmʔ
醂 *ɡ·ruːmʔ
林 *ɡ·rɯm
琳 *ɡ·rɯm
淋 *ɡ·rɯm, *ɡ·rɯms
痳 *ɡ·rɯm
箖 *ɡ·rɯm
霖 *ɡ·rɯm
菻 *ɡ·rɯmʔ, *ɡ·rɯms
罧 *slɯmʔ, *srɯms
棽 *r̥ʰɯm, *srɯm
綝 *r̥ʰɯm
郴 *r̥ʰɯm
禁 *krɯm, *krɯms
襟 *krɯm
僸 *krɯms, *ŋɡrɯmʔ
澿 *ɡrɯm
噤 *ɡrɯmʔ, *ɡrɯms
凚 *ɡrɯmʔ, *ɡrɯms
齽 *ɡrɯms

Duplication of 木 (“tree”) to give the idea of multiple trees (compare 森), thus a forest.

Pronunciation

Note:
  • nâ - vernacular;
  • lîm - literary (surname).
Note:
  • na5 - vernacular;
  • lim5 - literary (surname).
  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 林
Mandarin Beijing /lin³⁵/
Harbin /lin²⁴/
Tianjin /lin⁴⁵/
Jinan /liẽ⁴²/
Qingdao /liə̃⁴²/
Zhengzhou /lin⁴²/
Xi'an /liẽ²⁴/
Xining /liə̃²⁴/
Yinchuan /liŋ⁵³/
Lanzhou /lĩn⁵³/
Ürümqi /liŋ⁵¹/
Wuhan /nin²¹³/
Chengdu /nin³¹/
Guiyang /nin²¹/
Kunming /lĩ¹/
Nanjing /lin²⁴/
Hefei /lin⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /liəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /liŋ¹³/
Hohhot /lĩŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /liŋ²³/
Suzhou /lin¹³/
Hangzhou /lin²¹³/
Wenzhou /leŋ³¹/
Hui Shexian /liʌ̃⁴⁴/
Tunxi /lin⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /lin¹³/
Xiangtan /nin¹²/
Gan Nanchang /lin⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /lim¹¹/
Taoyuan /lim¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /lɐm²¹/
Nanning /lɐm²¹/
Hong Kong /lɐm²¹/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /lim³⁵/
/na³⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /liŋ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /leiŋ³³/
/laŋ³³/
Shantou (Min Nan) /lim⁵⁵/
/nã⁵⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /lim³¹/
Rime
Character 林
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 侵 (139)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 力尋切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /liɪm/
Pan
Wuyun		 /lim/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ljem/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /lim/
Li
Rong		 /liəm/
Wang
Li		 /lĭĕm/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /li̯əm/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 lín
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 林
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 lín
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ lim ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[r]əm/
English forest

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 林
Reading # 1/1
No. 8165
Phonetic
component		 林
Rime
group		 侵
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 林
Old
Chinese		 /*ɡ·rɯm/

Definitions

林

  1. forest; grove; woods
  2. A surname​, commonly romanized as Lin, Lim, and Lam

Compounds

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (林):
  • Japanese: 林 (りん) (rin)
  • Korean: 림 (林, rim); 임 (林, im)
  • Vietnamese: lâm (林)

Others:

Japanese

Kanji

林

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. woods; grove; forest; copse

Readings

Compounds

Noun

林 (hiragana はやし, rōmaji hayashi)

  1. woods

Synonyms

Proper noun

林 (hiragana はやし, rōmaji Hayashi)

  1. A surname​.
  2. A female given name

Proper noun

林 (hiragana りん, rōmaji Rin)

  1. A surname​.
  2. (rare) A female given name

Usage notes

As a surname, this reading is more often used by people of Chinese ancestry, since it is similar to the Mandarin Chinese reading of Lín.

Korean

Hanja

林 • (rim>im)

  • Eumhun:
    • Sound (hangeul): 림>임 (revised: rim>im, McCune–Reischauer: rim>im, Yale: lim>im)
    • Name (hangeul): 수풀 (revised: supul, McCune–Reischauer: supul, Yale: swuphwul)
  1. forest

Compounds

  • 林野 (임야, imya) : forest land, woods and fields


Vietnamese

Han character

林 (lâm)

  1. Forest
  2. Gathering
  3. Dense

林 (Lâm)

  1. A surname

References

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