苦心
Chinese
bitter; intensely; miserable; painful |
heart; mind | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| simp. and trad. (苦心) |
苦 | 心 | |
Pronunciation
Noun
苦心
Adverb
苦心
- with strenuous efforts; painstakingly
Descendants
|
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 苦 | 心 |
| く Grade: 3 |
しん Grade: 2 |
| on’yomi | |
Etymology
Noun
苦心 (hiragana くしん, rōmaji kushin)
Derived terms
- 苦心談 (kushindan): account of the hardships one has encountered
- 苦心惨憺 (kushin santan): taking great pains
Idioms
- 苦心を買われる (kushin o kawareru): have one's labor appreciated
Verb
苦心する (hiragana くしんする, rōmaji kushin suru)
Conjugation
Conjugation of "苦心する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Stem forms | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperfective (未然形) | 苦心し | くしんし | kushin shi | |
| Continuative (連用形) | 苦心し | くしんし | kushin shi | |
| Terminal (終止形) | 苦心する | くしんする | kushin suru | |
| Attributive (連体形) | 苦心する | くしんする | kushin suru | |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 苦心すれ | くしんすれ | kushin sure | |
| Imperative (命令形) | 苦心せよ¹ 苦心しろ² |
くしんせよ¹ くしんしろ² |
kushin seyo¹ kushin shiro² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 苦心される | くしんされる | kushin sareru | |
| Causative | 苦心させる 苦心さす |
くしんさせる くしんさす |
kushin saseru kushin sasu | |
| Potential | 苦心できる | くしんできる | kushin dekiru | |
| Volitional | 苦心しよう | くしんしよう | kushin shiyō | |
| Negative | 苦心しない | くしんしない | kushin shinai | |
| Negative continuative | 苦心せず | くしんせず | kushin sezu | |
| Formal | 苦心します | くしんします | kushin shimasu | |
| Perfective | 苦心した | くしんした | kushin shita | |
| Conjunctive | 苦心して | くしんして | kushin shite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 苦心すれば | くしんすれば | kushin sureba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative | ||||
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