真

See also: 眞 and 具
真 U+771F, 真
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-771F
← 眞
[U+771E] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 眠 →
[U+7720]
真 U+2F946, 真
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F946
← 眞
[U+2F945] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 真 →
[U+2F947]
真 U+2F947, 真
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F947
← 真
[U+2F946] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 睊 →
[U+2F948]

Translingual

Stroke order

Traditional

 真

Simplified

 真

Japanese

 真

Korean

 眞

Alternative forms

Note that in simplified and traditional Chinese, the 目 component is connected to the long horizontal line below while in Japanese, 目 is separated from the line below.

Usage notes

The Kangxi dictionary lists 真 as the unorthodox form (俗字) of 眞. However, the traditional Kangxi form 眞, with 匕 on top, is rarely used nowadays. In modern times, 真 is more commonly used in both traditional and simplified Chinese scripts as well as Japanese shinjitai.

Han character

真 (radical 109, 目+5, 10 strokes, cangjie input 十月一金 (JBMC), four-corner 40801, composition ⿱十具)

Derived characters

  • 眞 (Original form of 真)

See also

References

  • KangXi: page 805, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 23236
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1221, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 249, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+771F

Chinese

trad. 真/眞
simp. 真

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 真
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (真) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
寘 *tjels
䡩 *kʰriːn
黰 *ʔriːn, *ʔljinʔ
顛 *tiːn, *tʰiːns
滇 *tiːn, *tʰiːns, *diːn
齻 *tiːn
槙 *tiːn, *tjinʔ
瘨 *tiːn
傎 *tiːn
蹎 *tiːn
厧 *tiːn
巔 *tiːn
癲 *tiːn
瑱 *tʰiːns, *tins
填 *diːn, *diːns, *tin, *tins
窴 *diːn, *diːns
闐 *diːn, *diːns
磌 *diːn, *tjin
鷏 *diːn
嗔 *diːn, *tʰjin
搷 *diːn
鎮 *tin, *tins
縝 *tʰin, *ʔljinʔ, *tʰjin
真 *ʔljin
禛 *tjin
稹 *ʔljin, *ʔljinʔ
蒖 *tjin
鬒 *ʔljinʔ
瞋 *tʰjin
謓 *tʰjin
慎 *djins

Ideogrammic compound (會意) : 匕 (“spoon, fork”) + 鼎 (“ancient food vessel”) – using a fork to fetch food from a cauldron. Alternatively, an ancient variant of 貞 (OC *teŋ, “divination”).

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 真
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 章 (23)
Final (韻) 眞 (43)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 側鄰切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /t͡ɕiɪn/
Pan
Wuyun		 /t͡ɕin/
Shao
Rongfen		 /t͡ɕjen/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /cin/
Li
Rong		 /t͡ɕiĕn/
Wang
Li		 /t͡ɕĭĕn/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /t͡ɕi̯ĕn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 zhēn
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 真
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 zhēn
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ tsyin ›
Old
Chinese		 /*ti[n]/
English true, real

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 真
Reading # 1/1
No. 17068
Phonetic
component		 眞
Rime
group		 眞
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese		 /*ʔljin/
Notes 原側鄰切依韻目改。金文象以匕充填鼎實爲填初文，充實引指眞實不虛

Definitions

真

  1. true; genuine; real; actual
  2. clear; distinct; sharp
  3. really; truly; very; quite
  4. portrait; image
  5. natural disposition
  6. (Chinese calligraphy) Short for 真書／真书 (zhēnshū, “regular script”).

Compounds

Japanese

Shinjitai

 真

Kyūjitai

 眞

Kanji

真

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 眞)

  1. true
  2. reality
  3. Buddhist sect

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
真
しん
Grade: 3
on’yomi

Pronunciation

Noun

真 (hiragana しん, rōmaji shin)

  1. truth; reality; genuineness

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
真
ま
Grade: 3
kun’yomi

Pronunciation

Adjective

真 (hiragana ま, rōmaji ma)

  1. just; right; pure; genuine; true; real
Derived terms

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
真
まこと
Grade: 3
kun’yomi

Pronunciation

Noun

真 (hiragana まこと, rōmaji makoto)

  1. truth; reality; genuineness

Proper noun

真 (hiragana あつし, rōmaji Atsushi)

  1. Atsushi, a Japanese given name

真 (hiragana こころ, rōmaji Kokoro)

  1. Kokoro, a female Japanese given name

真 (hiragana さな, rōmaji Sana)

  1. Sana, a Japanese surname or female given name

真 (hiragana さねさき, rōmaji Sanesaki)

  1. Sanesaki, a Japanese surname

真 (hiragana しん, rōmaji Shin)

  1. Shin, a Japanese surname or female given name

真 (hiragana しんさき, rōmaji Shinsaki)

  1. Shinsaki, a Japanese surname

真 (hiragana しんざき, rōmaji Shinzaki)

  1. Shinzaki, a Japanese surname

真 (hiragana しんじ, rōmaji Shinji)

  1. Shinji, a Japanese name

真 (hiragana ただし, rōmaji Tadashi)

  1. Tadashi, a Japanese given name

真 (hiragana まお, rōmaji Mao)

  1. Mao, a female Japanese given name

真 (hiragana まがさき, rōmaji Magasaki)

  1. Magasaki, a Japanese surname

真 (hiragana まこ, rōmaji Mako)

  1. Mako, a female Japanese given name

真 (hiragana まこと, rōmaji Makoto)

  1. A male or female given name

真 (hiragana まさ, rōmaji Masa)

  1. Masa, a Japanese name

真 (hiragana まさし, rōmaji Masashi)

  1. Masashi, a Japanese name

真 (hiragana まさつぐ, rōmaji Masatsugu)

  1. Masatsugu, a Japanese name

真 (hiragana ましお, rōmaji Mashio)

  1. Mashio, a Japanese name

真 (hiragana ますみ, rōmaji Masumi)

  1. Masumi, a Japanese name

真 (hiragana まな, rōmaji Mana)

  1. Mana, a female Japanese given name

真 (hiragana まみ, rōmaji Mami)

  1. Mami, a Japanese name

真 (hiragana まやなぎ, rōmaji Mayanagi)

  1. Mayanagi, a Japanese surname

References

  1. 1 2 3 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. 1 2 3 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

真 • (jin) (hangeul 진, revised jin, McCune–Reischauer chin, Yale cin)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

真 (chân, chan, chang, sân)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.