位

位 U+4F4D, 位
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4F4D
← 佌
[U+4F4C] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 低 →
[U+4F4E]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

位 (radical 9, 人+5, 7 strokes, cangjie input 人卜廿 (OYT), four-corner 20218, composition ⿰亻立)

References

  • KangXi: page 98, character 7
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 503
  • Dae Jaweon: page 206, character 18
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 138, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+4F4D

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 位

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 位
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Oracle bone script

j18932

Bronze inscriptions

b12296

Small seal script

s05743

Transcribed ancient scripts

L36336

L36337

L36338

L36339

L21781

L21782

L21783

L21784

L21785

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (立) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
涖 *rɯːbs, *rɯbs
莅 *rɯbs, *rɯbs
蒞 *rɯbs
位 *ɢʷrɯbs
拉 *ruːb
菈 *ruːb
颯 *sluːb
立 *rɯb
粒 *rɯb
笠 *ɡ·rɯb
砬 *rɯb
岦 *rɯb
苙 *ɡ·rɯb, *ɡrɯb
鴗 *rɯb
雴 *r̥ʰɯb
泣 *kʰrɯb

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɢʷrɯbs) : semantic 亻 (“man”) + phonetic 立 (OC *rɯb, “stand”). Also ideogrammic compound (會意) .

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-r(j)ap (“to stand”). Cognate with 立 (OC *rɯb).

Pronunciation

  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 位
Mandarin Beijing /uei⁵¹/
Harbin /uei⁵³/
Tianjin /vei⁵³/
Jinan /vei²¹/
Qingdao /ve⁴²/
Zhengzhou /uei³¹²/
Xi'an /uei⁴⁴/
Xining /uɨ²¹³/
Yinchuan /vei¹³/
Lanzhou /vei¹³/
Ürümqi /vei²¹³/
Wuhan /uei³⁵/
Chengdu /uei¹³/
Guiyang /uei²¹³/
Kunming /uei²¹²/
Nanjing /uəi⁴⁴/
Hefei /ue⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /vei⁴⁵/
Pingyao /uei³⁵/
Hohhot /vei⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /ɦue²³/
Suzhou /ɦue̞³¹/
Hangzhou /ɦui¹³/
Wenzhou /vu²²/
Hui Shexian /ue²²/
Tunxi /ue¹¹/
/y¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /uei⁵⁵/
/uei¹¹/
Xiangtan /uəi²¹/
Gan Nanchang /ui²¹/
Hakka Meixian /vi⁵³/
Taoyuan /vui⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /wɐi²²/
Nanning /wɐi²²/
Hong Kong /wɐi²²/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /ui²²/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /uɔi²⁴²/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /y⁴⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /ui³¹/
Haikou (Min Nan) /ui³³/
Rime
Character 位
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 云 (35)
Final (韻) 脂 (18)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) Chongniu III
Fanqie 于愧切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɦˠiuɪH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɦʷᵚiH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ɣiuɪH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ɦjwiH/
Li
Rong		 /ɣjuiH/
Wang
Li		 /ɣwiH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /wiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 wèi
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 位
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 wèi
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ hwijH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[ɢ]ʷrəp-s/ (< *ɢʷəʔ-rəp-s ?)
English standing, position

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 位
Reading # 1/1
No. 7865
Phonetic
component		 立
Rime
group		 內
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 位
Old
Chinese		 /*ɢʷrɯbs/

Definitions

位

  1. position; location
  2. title; official position
  3. seat; seating
  4. throne; royal seat
  5. rank; grade; status
  6. standard; rule
  7. (honorific) people
  8. digit
    三位數 / 三位数  ―  sān wèi shù  ―  three-digit number
  9. (often polite) Classifier for persons.
    這位歌手 / 这位歌手  ―  zhè wèi gēshǒu  ―  this singer
    那位先生  ―  nà wèi xiānshēng  ―  that man
  10. to be situated at; to be located at
  11. to arrange; to set out

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

位

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
位
い
Grade: 4
on’yomi

Middle Chinese 位

Pronunciation

Affix

位 (hiragana い, rōmaji i, historical hiragana ゐ)

  1. rank, place
Derived terms

Counter

位 (hiragana い, rōmaji -i, historical hiragana ゐ)

  1. rank, place
    第１ (だいいち)位 (い)である。
    Dai-ichi-i de aru.
    To be ranked first.
    ２ (に)位 (い)になる。
    Ni-i ni naru.
    To take second place.
    １ (じゅ)０ (う)位 (い)に落 (お)ちる。
    Jū-i ni ochiru.
    To drop to tenth place.
  2. decimal place
  3. ghosts

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
位
くらい
Grade: 4
on’yomi

Compound of 座 (kura, “high place”) +‎ 居 (i, “residence”).[2]

Pronunciation

Noun

位 (hiragana くらい, rōmaji kurai, historical hiragana くらゐ)

  1. grade, rank
    位 (くらい)が上 (あ)がる、位 (くらい)が下 (くだ)す。
    Kurai ga agaru, kurai ga kudasu.
    To rise in rank, to lower in rank.
    位 (くらい)の高 (たか)い人 (ひと)。
    Kurai no takai hito.
    A high-ranked person.
  2. the throne, the crown
    位 (くらい)を譲 (ゆず)る。
    Kurai o yuzuru.
    Abdicate the throne.
    位 (くらい)につく。
    Kurai ni tsuku.
    Assume the throne.
  3. (mathematics) place, position
Derived terms
  • 位 (くらい)する (kurai suru)
  • 位倒 (くらいだお)れ (kuraidaore)
  • 位付 (くらいづ)け (kuraizuke)
  • 位取 (くらいど)る (kuraidoru)
  • 位負 (くらいまけ) (kuraimake)

Suffix

位 (hiragana くらい, rōmaji -kurai, historical hiragana くらゐ)

  1. seat, position, rank, grade

References

  1. 1 2 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
  2. 1 2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

位 • (wi) (hangeul 위, McCune–Reischauer wi)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

位 (vị, vì)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds

  • 形位 (“hình vị”)

References

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