天皇

Chinese

day; sky; heaven emperor; surname
simp. and trad.
(天皇)		 天 皇
anagram 皇天

Pronunciation

Noun

天皇

  1. king of heaven; heavenly sovereign; (figuratively) emperor
  2. emperor of Japan; mikado; Tennou

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
天 皇
てん
Grade: 1		 おう > のう
Grade: 6
on’yomi

/tenwau/ → /tenwɔː/ → /tenɔː/ → /tenoː/ → /tenːoː/

From Middle Chinese 天皇 (MC tʰen ɦwɑŋ), with the original sense of "heavenly sovereign". The goon pronunciation, so likely the initial borrowing.

The ō reading for 皇 changes to nō as an instance of renjō (連声).

Pronunciation

Noun

天皇 (hiragana てんのう, rōmaji tennō, historical hiragana てんわう)

  1. an Emperor of Japan
    Synonym: 帝 (mikado)
  2. an honorific title of an emperor, ruler, or other monarch, usually in Chinese contexts, with a heavenly mandate (Can we verify(+) this sense?)
  3. (by extension) a person having a strength or profession in a particular field of study or expertise
Derived terms
Descendants

See also

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
天 皇
てん
Grade: 1		 こう
Grade: 6
on’yomi

/tenkwau/ → /tenkwɔː/ → /tenkɔː/ → /tenkoː/

From a later borrowing of Middle Chinese 天皇 (MC tʰen ɦwɑŋ).

Pronunciation

Noun

天皇 (hiragana てんこう, rōmaji tenkō, historical hiragana てんくわう)

  1. name for an emperor, ruler, or other monarch, usually in Chinese contexts, with a heavenly mandate (Can we verify(+) this sense?)

Proper noun

天皇 (hiragana てんこう, rōmaji Tenkō, historical hiragana てんくわう)

  1. (Chinese mythology) the first of the Three Sovereigns; Fu Xi

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
天 皇
Grade: 1 Grade: 6
Irregular

⟨sume1ro2ki1⟩ → /sumeroki/ → /sumeroɡi/

From Old Japanese, first attested in the Man'yōshū.

Usually spelled with rendaku (連濁), as sumerogi. The kanji spelling is jukujikun (熟字訓), from tennō above.

Pronunciation

  • (Irregular reading)
    • IPA(key): [sɨᵝme̞ɾo̞ɡʲi]

Noun

天皇 (hiragana すめろぎ, rōmaji sumerogi, alternative reading すめろき, rōmaji sumeroki)

  1. (archaic) an honorific title addressing an Emperor of Japan

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
天 皇
Grade: 1 Grade: 6
Irregular

⟨sume1ra ki1mi1⟩ → /sumeraki/ → /sumeraɡi/

First attested in Middle Japanese literature such as the Kokin Wakashū.

Originally a compound of 皇 (sumera-, prefix expressing praise and respect) + 君 (kimi, “sovereign”), with the final mi dropping either for poetic reasons or influenced by sumerogi (see above).

Usually spelled with rendaku (連濁), as sumeragi. The kanji spelling is jukujikun (熟字訓), from tennō above.

Pronunciation

  • (Irregular reading)
    • IPA(key): [sɨᵝme̞ɾa̠ɡʲi]

Noun

天皇 (hiragana すめらぎ, rōmaji sumeragi, alternative reading すめらき, rōmaji sumeraki)

  1. (archaic) an honorific title addressing an Emperor of Japan
Derived terms

Etymology 5

Kanji in this term
天 皇
Grade: 1 Grade: 6
Irregular

/sumeraki/ → /suberaki/ → /suberaɡi/

Shift from sumeraki/sumeragi above, the nasal /m/ becomes plosive /b/:

Usually spelled with rendaku (連濁), as suberagi. The kanji spelling is jukujikun (熟字訓), from tennō above.

Pronunciation

  • (Irregular reading)
    • IPA(key): [sɨᵝbe̞ɾa̠ɡʲi]

Noun

天皇 (hiragana すべらぎ, rōmaji suberagi, alternative reading すべらき, rōmaji suberaki)

  1. (archaic) an honorific title addressing an Emperor of Japan
Derived terms

Etymology 6

Kanji in this term
天 皇
Grade: 1 Grade: 6
Irregular

The kanji spelling is jukujikun (熟字訓), from tennō above.

Pronunciation

  • (Irregular reading)
    • IPA(key): [sɨᵝme̞ɾa̠mʲiko̞to̞]

Noun

天皇 (hiragana すめらみこと, rōmaji sumera-mikoto)

  1. (archaic) Alternative spelling of 皇尊: an honorific title addressing an Emperor of Japan
Derived terms

References

  1. 1 2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
天皇

Noun

天皇 • (cheonhwang) (hangeul 천황)

  1. Hanja form? of 천황 (“the Emperor of Japan, mikado”).
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