玉

See also: 王, 𤣩, and 主
玉 U+7389, 玉
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7389
← 玈
[U+7388] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 玊 →
[U+738A]

Translingual

Stroke order
Stroke order
Japanese
stroke order

Alternative forms

  • 𤣩 (When used as a radical component)

Han character

玉 (radical 96, 玉+0, 5 strokes, cangjie input 一土戈 (MGI), four-corner 10103, composition ⿱一圡)

  1. Kangxi radical #96, ⽟.

Derived characters

  • Index:Chinese radical/玉
  • 𠇤, 𠰧, 𡊩, 𡛼, 𤤴

References

  • KangXi: page 726, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20821
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1135, character 6
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1100, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+7389

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 玉
alt. forms 𤣩
𠀛

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 玉
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (玉) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
珏 *kŋroːɡ
砡 *ŋuɡ
匤 *kʰoɡ
玉 *ŋoɡ
鳿 *ŋoɡ
頊 *ŋoɡ, *hŋoɡ

The character's shape was historically very similar to 王; a dot was introduced to differentiate the two. It originally meant “blemished jade”. 玉 can also be found written as 玊 (sù) for the same reason.

Pictogram (象形) : a picture of a cong (琮), a sort of ritual jade totem.

It is also interpreted as three pieces of jade strung together on a string.

Pronunciation

Note:
  • nguŏh - vernacular;
  • ngṳ̆k - literary.
Note:
  • ge̍k/gia̍k - vernacular;
  • gio̍k - literary.
  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 玉
Mandarin Beijing /y⁵¹/
Harbin /y⁵³/
Tianjin /y⁵³/
Jinan /y²¹/
Qingdao /y⁴²/
Zhengzhou /y³¹²/
Xi'an /y²¹/
Xining /y⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /y¹³/
Lanzhou /y¹³/
Ürümqi /y²¹³/
Wuhan /y³⁵/
Chengdu /y¹³/
Guiyang /i²¹³/
Kunming /i²¹²/
Nanjing /y⁴⁴/
Hefei /zz̩ʷ⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /y⁴⁵/
Pingyao /y³⁵/
Hohhot /y⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /ȵioʔ¹/
Suzhou /ȵioʔ³/
Hangzhou /ȵioʔ²/
Wenzhou /ȵo²¹³/
Hui Shexian /y²²/
Tunxi /ȵy¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /y⁵⁵/
/ʐəu²⁴/
Xiangtan /y⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /y²¹/
Hakka Meixian /ŋiuk̚⁵/
Taoyuan /ŋiuk̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /jok̚²/
Nanning /juk̚²²/
Hong Kong /juk̚²/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /giɔk̚⁵/
/gik̚⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /ŋuoʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /ŋy⁴²/
Shantou (Min Nan) /gek̚⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /zi³³/
/zi³⁵/
Rime
Character 玉
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 疑 (31)
Final (韻) 燭 (8)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 魚欲切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ŋɨok̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ŋiok̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ŋiok̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ŋuawk̚/
Li
Rong		 /ŋiok̚/
Wang
Li		 /ŋĭwok̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ŋi̯wok̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 yù
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 玉
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 yù
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ ngjowk ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[ŋ](r)ok/ (< uvular?)
English jade

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 玉
Reading # 1/1
No. 15971
Phonetic
component		 玉
Rime
group		 屋
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 玉
Old
Chinese		 /*ŋoɡ/

Definitions

玉

  1. jade (originally nephrite, now also including jadeite)
  2. precious stone; gem
  3. pure; beautiful
  4. (honorific) your

Hyponyms

  • (jade): 瓊／琼 (qióng) (precious jade, esp. red jade)

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

玉

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Synonyms

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
玉
たま
Grade: 1
kun’yomi

kun'yomi

Pronunciation

Noun

玉 (hiragana たま, rōmaji tama)

  1. ball
  2. (a Japanese) coin
    一円玉 (いちえんだま)
    ichi en dama
    one-yen coin
Derived terms

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
玉
ぎょく
Grade: 1
on’yomi

on'yomi

Pronunciation

Noun

玉 (hiragana ぎょく, rōmaji gyoku)

  1. precious stone
  2. a chicken’s egg (to be eaten)
  3. a stock being traded
  4. geisha

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
玉
ぎょく
Grade: 1
on’yomi

Abbreviation of 玉将

Pronunciation

Noun

玉 (hiragana ぎょく, rōmaji gyoku)

  1. king in shogi

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. 1 2 3 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

玉 (eumhun 구슬 옥 (guseul ok))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds

  • 玉編

Vietnamese

Han character

玉 (ngọc)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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