波

See also: 疲
波 U+6CE2, 波
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6CE2
← 泡
[U+6CE1] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 泣 →
[U+6CE3]

Translingual

Han character

波 (radical 85, 水+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 水木竹水 (EDHE), four-corner 34147, composition ⿰氵皮)

Derived characters

Descendants

  • Japanese: は (ha)

References

  • KangXi: page 617, character 8
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17308
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1012, character 6
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 1597, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+6CE2

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 波

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (皮) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
陂 *pral, *prals
詖 *pral, *prals
彼 *pralʔ
柀 *pralʔ
佊 *pralʔ, *prals
貱 *prals
跛 *prals, *paːlʔ
披 *pʰral, *pʰralʔ
鈹 *pʰral
帔 *pʰral, *pʰrals
鮍 *pʰral
耚 *pʰral
狓 *pʰral
翍 *pʰral
旇 *pʰral, *brals
秛 *pʰral, *pʰrals
紴 *pʰralʔ, *paːl
皮 *bral
疲 *bral
被 *bralʔ, *brals
髲 *brals
鞁 *brals
骳 *mbralʔ
波 *paːl
碆 *paːl, *baːl
菠 *paːl
簸 *paːlʔ, *paːls
駊 *paːlʔ, *pʰaːlʔ
頗 *pʰaːl, *pʰaːlʔ, *pʰaːls
坡 *pʰaːl
玻 *pʰaːl
破 *pʰaːls
婆 *baːl
蔢 *baːl

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *paːl) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 皮 (OC *bral).

Etymology 1

“wave; undulation”
Debated.
STEDT and Starostin derive it from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r/m-ba (“wave; ripple”). Cognate with Tibetan རྦ (rba), དབའ (dba', “wave”).
Schuessler (2007) notes a mismatch of the vowels in the above comparanda, and instead posits a root *paj (“slanted; not level”), also subsuming 陂 (OC *pral, “slope; slanting”).
Wang (1982) relates it to 播 (OC *paːls, “to winnow”), 簸 (OC *paːlʔ, *paːls, “to winnow”).
“ball; ball game; gearbox; typhoon signal; boob; dance”
Borrowed from English ball.

Pronunciation

Note: 4poq - only used in 寧波.
  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 波
Mandarin Beijing /pʰo⁵⁵/
/po⁵⁵/
Harbin /pɤ⁴⁴/
/pʰɤ⁴⁴/
Tianjin /pʰo²¹/
Jinan /pə²¹³/
Qingdao /pə²¹³/
Zhengzhou /pʰo²⁴/
Xi'an /pʰo²¹/
Xining /pɔ⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /puə⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /pə³¹/
Ürümqi /pɤ⁴⁴/
Wuhan /po⁵⁵/
Chengdu /po⁵⁵/
Guiyang /po⁵⁵/
Kunming /po⁴⁴/
Nanjing /po³¹/
Hefei /pʊ²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /pɤ¹¹/
Pingyao /pʰɔ¹³/
/pɔ¹³/
Hohhot /pɤ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /pu⁵³/
Suzhou /pu⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /po³³/
Wenzhou /pu³³/
Hui Shexian /pɔ³¹/
Tunxi /po¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /po³³/
Xiangtan /po³³/
Gan Nanchang /po⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /po⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /po²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /pɔ⁵³/
Nanning /pɔ⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /pɔ⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /po⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /pʰo⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /pɔ⁵⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /po³³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /ʔbo²³/
Rime
Character 波
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 幫 (1)
Final (韻) 戈 (95)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 博禾切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /puɑ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /puɑ/
Shao
Rongfen		 /puɑ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /pwa/
Li
Rong		 /puɑ/
Wang
Li		 /puɑ/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /puɑ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 bō
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 波
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 bō
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ pa ›
Old
Chinese		 /*pˤaj/
English wave (n.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 波
Reading # 1/1
No. 9719
Phonetic
component		 皮
Rime
group		 歌
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 波
Old
Chinese		 /*paːl/

Definitions

波

  1. wave; breaker
  2. undulation
  3. (sciences) wave
    聲波 / 声波  ―  shēngbō  ―  sound wave
    微波  ―  wēibō  ―  microwave
  4. (Sichuan, including Chongqing and Neijiang) elderly person
  5. (Cantonese) ball (Classifier: 個／个)
  6. (Cantonese) ball game, especially football (Classifier: 場／场)
  7. (Cantonese) gearbox; transmission
  8. (Hong Kong Cantonese) typhoon signal (issued by the Hong Kong Observatory)
    八號波 / 八号波 [Cantonese]  ―  baat3 hou6 bo1 [Jyutping]  ―  Typhoon Signal No. 8
  9. (chiefly Hong Kong Cantonese) boob; breast (Classifier: 對／对; 個／个)
  10. (Hong Kong Cantonese) dance; ball (Classifier: 個／个)
  11. Short for 波蘭／波兰 (Bōlán, “Poland”).
  12. Short for 波斯 (Bōsī, “Persia”).
  13. A surname​.

Compounds

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 波 – see 簸 (“winnower”).
(This character, 波, is the second-round simplified form of 簸.)
Notes:

Japanese

Kanji

波

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. wave

Readings

Compounds

Kanji in this term
波
なみ
Grade: 3
kun’yomi

Pronunciation

Noun

波 (hiragana なみ, rōmaji nami)

  1. wave

Proper noun

波 (hiragana なみ, rōmaji Nami)

  1. 波子 Namiko, female given name

Proper noun

波 (hiragana ぽ, rōmaji Po)

  1. (abbreviation) short notation of Poland

References

  1. ↑ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

波 • (pa) (hangeul 파, revised pa, McCune–Reischauer p'a, Yale pha)

  1. (물결, mulgyeol) wave, undulation

Derived terms

Vietnamese

Han character

波 (ba, bể)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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