禾

See also: 夫, 末, 天, 未, and 夭

禾	U+79BE, 禾 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-79BE

← 禽
[U+79BD]

CJK Unified Ideographs

禿 →
[U+79BF]

Translingual

Japanese stroke order

Stroke order

Han character

禾 (radical 115 禾+0, 5 strokes, cangjie input 竹木 (HD), four-corner 2090₄, composition ⿱丿木)

Kangxi radical #115, ⽲.

Related characters

兼

References

KangXi: page 848, character 18

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24906

Dae Jaweon: page 1270, character 11

Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2588, character 1

Unihan data for U+79BE

Chinese

simp. and trad.		禾

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 禾
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (禾) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
科	kʰoːl, kʰoːls
萪	*kʰoːl
蝌	*kʰoːl
犐	*kʰoːl
禾	*ɡoːl
和	ɡoːl, ɡoːls
咊	*ɡoːl
盉	ɡoːl, ɡoːls
龢	*ɡoːl
鉌	*ɡoːl
俰	*ɡoːls

Pictogram (象形) – picture of a plant stalk. The stalk is more recognizable in older form.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): hé (he²)

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄜˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): wo⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): vô
Min Bei (KCR): ô
Min Nan (POJ): hô / hô͘
Wu (Wiktionary): hhu (T3)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: hé
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄜˊ
  - Wade–Giles: ho²
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: her
  - IPA ^(key): /xɤ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: wo⁴
  - Yale: wòh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: wo⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: wo⁴
  - IPA ^(key): /wɔː²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: vô
  - Hakka Romanization System: vo´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: vo¹
  - IPA: /vo²⁴/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ô
  - IPA ^(key): /o³³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hô
  - Tâi-lô: hô
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hooi
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ho¹³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /ho²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɤ²³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hô͘
  - Tâi-lô: hôo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hoo
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔ²⁴/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: hhu (T3)
  - IPA ^(key): /ɦv̩ʷ²³/

Middle Chinese: /ɦuɑ/▼

Rime
Character	禾
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	戈 (95)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	戸戈切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦuɑ/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦuɑ/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣuɑ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦwa/
Li Rong	/ɣuɑ/
Wang Li	/ɣuɑ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣuɑ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	huó

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ˤoj/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡoːl/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	禾
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	hé
Middle Chinese	‹ hwa ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɢ]ˤoj/
English	growing grain
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	禾
Reading #	1/1
No.	4931
Phonetic component	禾
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	和
Old Chinese	/*ɡoːl/

Definitions

禾

grain; cereal
rice plant

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 稻子 (“rice (plant)”) [map]
Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		稻
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		稻子
Mandarin	Beijing	稻子
	Taiwan	稻子
	Harbin	稻子
	Jinan	稻子
	Muping	稻子
	Luoyang	稻子
	Xi'an	稻子
	Zhengzhou	稻
	Xining	稻子
	Xuzhou	稻子、稻
	Yinchuan	稻子
	Lanzhou	稻子
	Ürümqi	稻子
	Wuhan	稻穀、穀
	Chengdu	穀子
	Liuzhou	禾
	Kunming	稻子、穀子
	Yangzhou	稻子、稻
	Nanjing	稻子
	Hefei	稻
Cantonese	Guangzhou	禾
	Hong Kong	禾
	Shunde	禾
	Foshan	禾
	Zhongshan	禾
	Dongguan	禾
	Hong Kong (Weitou)	禾
	Taishan	禾
	Doumen	禾
	Kaiping	禾
	Shaoguan	禾
	Yunfu	穀翁
	Yangjiang	禾
	Xinyi	禾
	Lianjiang	禾
	Nanning	穀
	Kuala Lumpur	禾
Gan	Nanchang	禾
	Lichuan	禾
	Pingxiang	禾
Hakka	Meixian	禾
	Xingning	禾
	Huidong	禾
	Qujiang	禾
	Xiaosanjiang	禾
	Luchuan	禾
	Changting	禾
	Pingyu	禾
	Wuping	禾
	Liancheng	禾
	Ninghua	禾
	Yudu	禾
	Ruijin	禾
	Shicheng	禾
	Shangyou	禾
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	禾仔
	Liudui (S. Sixian)	禾仔
	Hsinchu (Hailu)	禾仔
	Dongshi (Dabu)	禾
	Zhuolan (Raoping)	禾仔、禾
	Yunlin (Zhao'an)	禾
	Hong Kong	禾
	Sabah	禾
	Senai	禾
	Singkawang	禾
Huizhou	Shexian	稻
	Tunxi	稻
	Jixi	稻
Jin	Taiyuan	稻子
Jin	Xinzhou	稻子
Min Bei	Jian'ou	禾、早仔
Min Dong	Fuzhou	粙
Min Dong	Fuqing	粙
Min Nan	Xiamen	粙仔、粙
	Quanzhou	粙
	Zhangzhou	粙仔、粙
	Taipei	粙仔
	Kaohsiung	粙仔
	Tainan	粙仔
	Taichung	粙仔
	Wuqi	粙仔
	Hsinchu	粙仔
	Taitung	粙仔
	Lukang	粙仔
	Yilan	粙仔
	Magong	粙
	Chaozhou	粙
	Shantou	粙
	Haifeng	粙
	Johor Bahru	粙
	Haikou	粙
	Leizhou	粙
Puxian Min	Putian	粙
Puxian Min	Xianyou	粙
Pinghua	Nanning	穀
Wu	Shanghai	稻
	Suzhou	稻
	Hangzhou	稻子、稻
	Wenzhou	稻
	Chongming	稻
	Danyang	稻
	Jinhua	稻
	Ningbo	稻
Xiang	Changsha	禾
	Shuangfeng	禾
	Xiangtan	禾
	Loudi	禾
	Quanzhou	穀子

Compounds

一禾九穗
嘉禾
拔禾
故宮禾黍／故宫禾黍
柴禾 (cháihé)
禾倈

禾場／禾场 (héchǎng)
禾旦
禾本科
禾槁
禾稻 (hédào)
禾稼

禾絹／禾绢
禾苗 (hémiáo)
禾菽
禾蟲／禾虫
禾黍
黃禾／黄禾

Japanese

Kanji

禾

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

rice plant

Readings

Goon: わ (wa)
Kan’on: か (ka); くわ (kuwa)
Kun: いね (ine, 禾); のぎ (nogi, 禾)

Korean

Hanja

禾 • (hwa) (hangeul 화)

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Vietnamese

Han character

禾 (hoà)

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