啞

See also: 唖 and 哑

啞	U+555E, 啞 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-555E

← 啝
[U+555D]

CJK Unified Ideographs

啟 →
[U+555F]

Translingual

Traditional	啞
Shinjitai (extended)	唖
Simplified	哑

Han character

啞 (radical 30, 口+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 口一中一 (RMLM), four-corner 6101₇, composition ⿰口亞)

References

KangXi: page 196, character 15

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3835

Dae Jaweon: page 417, character 24

Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 636, character 7

Unihan data for U+555E

Chinese

trad.		啞
simp.		哑
alt. forms		瘂／痖 “mute; hoarse”

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (亞) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
椏	qaːʔ, qraː
錏	*qraː
鵶	*qraː
啞	qraːʔ, qraːɡs, qraːɡ, qraːɡ
瘂	*qraːʔ
亞	*qraːɡs
婭	*qraːɡs
俹	*qraːɡs
稏	*qraːɡs
惡	qaː, qaːɡs, *qaːɡ
噁	*qaːɡs
堊	*qaːɡ
蝁	*qaːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *qraːʔ, *qraːɡs, *qraːɡ, *qraːɡ) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 亞 (OC *qraːɡs).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-ʔa (“mute”).

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yǎ (ya³)

(Zhuyin): ㄧㄚˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): aa²
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): á
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): é / ée / á

(Teochew, Peng'im): ê²
Wu (Wiktionary): o (T2)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: yǎ
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄚˇ
  - Wade–Giles: ya³
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yea
  - IPA ^(key): /i̯a̠²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: aa²
  - Yale: á
  - Cantonese Pinyin: aa²
  - Guangdong Romanization: a²
  - IPA ^(key): /ɑː³⁵/

Note: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.

Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: á
  - Hakka Romanization System: a`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: a³
  - IPA: /a³¹/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: é
  - Tâi-lô: é
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ea
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /e⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /e⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /e⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ée
  - Tâi-lô: ée
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɛ⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: á
  - Tâi-lô: á
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ar
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /a⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /a⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /a⁵³/

Note:

é/ée - vernacular;
á - literary.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ê²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: é
  - IPA ^(key): /e⁵²/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: o (T2)
  - IPA ^(key): /o³⁴/

Middle Chinese: /ʔˠa^X/▼

Rime
Character	啞
Reading #	1/4
Initial (聲)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	麻 (98)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	烏下切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔˠa^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔᵚa^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔa^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔaɨ^X/
Li Rong	/ʔa^X/
Wang Li	/a^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔa^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yǎ

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*ʔˤraʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*qraːʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	啞
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yǎ
Middle Chinese	‹ ʔae^X ›
Old Chinese	/*ʔˤraʔ/
English	mute
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	啞
Reading #	1/4
No.	14210
Phonetic component	亞
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	啞
Old Chinese	/*qraːʔ/
Notes	見史記後亦作瘂

Definitions

啞

mute; dumb (unable to speak)
hoarse

Coordinate terms

聾／聋 (lóng, “deaf”)
盲 (máng, “blind”)

Compounds

低啞／低哑
吃啞吧虧／吃哑吧亏
咿咿啞啞／咿咿哑哑
咿啞／咿哑
啞劇／哑剧 (yǎjù)
啞口／哑口
啞口無言／哑口无言 (yǎkǒuwúyán)
啞嗓／哑嗓
啞子／哑子 (yǎzi)
啞子做夢／哑子做梦
啞子得夢／哑子得梦
啞子托夢／哑子托梦
啞巴／哑巴 (yǎba)
啞巴虧／哑巴亏 (yǎbakuī)
啞戲／哑戏

啞板／哑板
啞炮／哑炮
啞穴／哑穴
啞聲／哑声
啞謎／哑谜
啞酒／哑酒
啞鈴／哑铃 (yǎlíng)
啞默悄靜／哑默悄静
喑啞／喑哑
喝啞吧酒／喝哑吧酒
嘶啞／嘶哑 (sīyǎ)
天聾地啞／天聋地哑
打啞謎／打哑谜
推聾做啞／推聋做哑
推聾裝啞／推聋装哑

梵啞鈴／梵哑铃
沙啞／沙哑 (shāyǎ)
演啞劇／演哑剧
猜啞謎／猜哑谜
瘖啞／瘖哑
瘖啞人／瘖哑人
盲婚啞嫁／盲婚哑嫁 (mánghūnyǎjià)
聾啞／聋哑 (lóngyǎ)
聾啞學校／聋哑学校
聾啞症／聋哑症
聾盲瘖啞／聋盲瘖哑
裝聾作啞／装聋作哑
裝聾裝啞／装聋装哑
詐啞佯聾／诈哑佯聋

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yǎ, è (ya³, e⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄧㄚˇ, ㄜˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ak¹
Min Nan (POJ): iak / ek

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)⁺
  - Pinyin: yǎ
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄚˇ
  - Wade–Giles: ya³
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yea
  - IPA ^(key): /i̯a̠²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese, literary variant)⁺
  - Pinyin: è
  - Zhuyin: ㄜˋ
  - Wade–Giles: o⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: eh
  - IPA ^(key): /ˀɤ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: ak¹
  - Yale: āk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ak⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: eg¹
  - IPA ^(key): /ɐk̚⁵/

Note: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.

Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iak
  - Tâi-lô: iak
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iag
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /iak̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: mainstream Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ek
  - Tâi-lô: ik
  - Phofsit Daibuun: eg
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /iɪk̚³²/

Middle Chinese: /ʔˠæk̚/, /ʔˠɛk̚/▼

Rime
Character	啞	啞
Reading #	3/4	4/4
Initial (聲)	影 (34)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	陌 (113)	麥 (119)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	II
Fanqie	烏格切	於革切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔˠæk̚/	/ʔˠɛk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔᵚak̚/	/ʔᵚæk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔak̚/	/ʔɐk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔaɨjk̚/	/ʔəɨjk̚/
Li Rong	/ʔɐk̚/	/ʔɛk̚/
Wang Li	/ɐk̚/	/æk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔɐk̚/	/ʔæk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	e	e

Old Chinese▼
(Zhengzhang): /*qraːɡ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	啞	啞
Reading #	3/4	4/4
No.	14223	14224
Phonetic component	亞	亞
Rime group	鐸	鐸
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	啞	戹
Old Chinese	/*qraːɡ/	/*qraːɡ/

Definitions

啞

^† (onomatopoeia) laughter; sound of laughing

Compounds

啞啞／哑哑
啞然／哑然 (yǎrán)

啞然失笑／哑然失笑
啞然失色／哑然失色

啞然無言／哑然无言

Pronunciation 3

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yā (ya¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄧㄚ
Cantonese (Jyutping): aa¹
Min Nan (POJ): a

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: yā
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄚ
  - Wade–Giles: ya¹
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ia
  - IPA ^(key): /i̯a̠⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: aa¹
  - Yale: ā
  - Cantonese Pinyin: aa¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: a¹
  - IPA ^(key): /ɑː⁵⁵/

Note: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.

Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: a
  - Tâi-lô: a
  - Phofsit Daibuun: af
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /a⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /a³³/

Middle Chinese: /ʔˠa^H/▼

Rime
Character	啞
Reading #	2/4
Initial (聲)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	麻 (98)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	衣嫁切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔˠa^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔᵚa^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔa^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔaɨ^H/
Li Rong	/ʔa^H/
Wang Li	/a^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔa^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yà

Old Chinese▼
(Zhengzhang): /*qraːɡs/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	啞
Reading #	2/4
No.	14216
Phonetic component	亞
Rime group	暮
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	亞
Old Chinese	/*qraːɡs/
Notes	見淮南子後亦作呀

Definitions

啞

Alternative form of 呀 (yā).
(onomatopoeia) The sound of cawing.
(onomatopoeia) The sound of a child learning to speak.

Compounds

啞吒／哑咤 (yāzhà)
啞咽／哑咽

啞啞學語／哑哑学语
嗚啞／呜哑

嘔啞／呕哑
嘔嘔啞啞／呕呕哑哑

Japanese

Kanji

啞

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 唖)

mute, dumb
become hoarse

Readings

Goon: え (e); やく (yaku)
Kan’on: あ (a); あく (aku)
Kun: おし (oshi, 啞)

References

JIS: 2F28
Kuten: 1508
Shift JIS: 3671
EUC-JP: -
Frequency: not ranked
Nelson: not listed

New Nelson: 827
Halpern: not listed
Halpern Learners: not listed
Heisig: not listed
Tuttle Kanji Dictionary: not listed

Source: EDICT and KANJIDIC files licensed by the Electronic Dictionaries Research Group.

Korean

Hanja

啞 • (a) (hangeul 아, revised a, McCune–Reischauer a)

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Vietnamese

Han character

啞 (á, ạ, ớ)

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