堊

See also: 垩 and 聖

堊	U+580A, 堊 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-580A

← 堉
[U+5809]

CJK Unified Ideographs

堋 →
[U+580B]

Translingual

Han character

堊 (radical 32 土+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 一一土 (MMG), four-corner 1010₄, composition ⿱亞土)

white earth
to daub with white mud

References

KangXi: page 232, character 8

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5215

Dae Jaweon: page 469, character 10

Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 449, character 6

Unihan data for U+580A

Chinese

trad.		堊
simp.		垩^*

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (亞) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
椏	qaːʔ, qraː
錏	*qraː
鵶	*qraː
啞	qraːʔ, qraːɡs, qraːɡ, qraːɡ
瘂	*qraːʔ
亞	*qraːɡs
婭	*qraːɡs
俹	*qraːɡs
稏	*qraːɡs
惡	qaː, qaːɡs, *qaːɡ
噁	*qaːɡs
堊	*qaːɡ
蝁	*qaːɡ

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): è (e⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄜˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ok³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: è
  - Zhuyin: ㄜˋ
  - Wade–Giles: o⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: eh
  - IPA ^(key): /ˀɤ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: ok³
  - Yale: ok
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ok⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: og³
  - IPA ^(key): /ɔːk̚³/

Note: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.

Middle Chinese: /ʔɑk̚/▼

Rime
Character	堊
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	鐸 (103)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	烏各切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔɑk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔɑk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔɑk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔak̚/
Li Rong	/ʔɑk̚/
Wang Li	/ɑk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔɑk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	e

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*ʔˤak/

(Zhengzhang): /*qaːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	堊
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	è
Middle Chinese	‹ ʔak ›
Old Chinese	/*ʔˤak/
English	plaster (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	堊
Reading #	1/1
No.	14221
Phonetic component	亞
Rime group	鐸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	惡
Old Chinese	/*qaːɡ/

Definitions

堊

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Compounds

堊室／垩室
堊帚／垩帚
堊慢／垩慢

白堊／白垩 (bái'è)
白堊系／白垩系
白堊紀／白垩纪 (Bái'èjì)

黃堊／黄垩
黝堊／黝垩

References

(Cantonese) Multi-function Chinese Character Database (漢語多功能字庫)

Japanese

Kanji

堊

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

whitewash

Readings

Goon: あく (aku)
Kan’on: あく (aku)
Kan’yōon: あ (a)
On: お (o)
Kun: いろつち (irotsuchi), しらつち (shiratsuchi), しろつち (shirotsuchi)

Etymology

Compound of 白 (しら, shira, “white”) +‎ 土 (つち, tsuchi, “earth, soil”). The shira portion can alternately be pronounced shiro.

Noun

堊 (hiragana しらつち, rōmaji shiratsuchi)

堊 (hiragana しろつち, rōmaji shirotsuchi)

white soil or earth, such as chalk
kaolin or other clay used for pottery or ceramics
white lacquer

Usage notes

Uncommon spelling. More commonly spelled as 白土.

Alternative forms

白土 (しらつち, shiratsuchi; しろつち, shirotsuchi)

Synonyms

(white soil or earth): 白亜, 白堊 (はくあ, hakua)
(white soil or earth): 白土 (はくど, hakudo)
(potter's clay): 陶土 (とうど, tōdo)
(white lacquer): 白亜, 白堊 (はくあ, hakua)

Korean

Hanja

堊 • (ak) (hangeul 악, revised ak, McCune–Reischauer ak)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

堊 (ác)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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