命
See also: 令
| ||||||||
Translingual
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
 | |||
Han character
命 (radical 30, 口+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 人一口中 (OMRL), four-corner 80627, composition ⿱亼叩)
References
- KangXi: page 183, character 18
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3473
- Dae Jaweon: page 402, character 15
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 604, character 11
- Unihan data for U+547D
Chinese
| simp. and trad. |
命 | |
|---|---|---|
| alt. forms | 𠇮 | |
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 命 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu Slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
| Characters in the same phonetic series (令) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 令 | *ren, *reŋ, *reŋs, *reːŋ, *reːŋs |
| 怜 | *riːn, *reːŋ |
| 零 | *riːŋ, *reːŋ, *reːŋs |
| 魿 | *ɡriŋ, *reːŋ |
| 命 | *mreŋs |
| 冷 | *raːŋʔ, *reːŋ, *reːŋʔ |
| 跉 | *reŋ, *reːŋ |
| 嶺 | *reŋʔ |
| 領 | *reŋʔ |
| 阾 | *reŋʔ, *reːŋ |
| 柃 | *reŋʔ, *reːŋ |
| 袊 | *reŋʔ |
| 詅 | *reŋs, *reːŋ |
| 旍 | *ʔsleŋ |
| 舲 | *reːŋ |
| 齡 | *reːŋ |
| 囹 | *reːŋ |
| 鴒 | *reːŋ |
| 蛉 | *reːŋ |
| 鈴 | *reːŋ |
| 苓 | *reːŋ |
| 伶 | *reːŋ |
| 泠 | *reːŋ |
| 瓴 | *reːŋ |
| 拎 | *reːŋ |
| 刢 | *reːŋ |
| 玲 | *reːŋ |
| 聆 | *reːŋ |
| 竛 | *reːŋ |
| 軨 | *reːŋ |
| 笭 | *reːŋ, *reːŋʔ |
| 翎 | *reːŋ |
| 閝 | *reːŋ |
| 鹷 | *reːŋ |
| 昤 | *reːŋ |
| 駖 | *reːŋ |
| 彾 | *reːŋ |
| 呤 | *reːŋ |
| 狑 | *reːŋ |
| 秢 | *reːŋ |
| 岭 | *reːŋ |
| 紷 | *reːŋ |
| 砱 | *reːŋ |
| 羚 | *reːŋ |
| 姈 | *reːŋ |
| 蕶 | *reːŋ |
| 澪 | *reːŋ |
Etymology
Related to 令 (OC *ren, *reŋ, *reŋs, *reːŋ, *reːŋs, “to order; to command; order”) (Wang, 1982). Both may be derived from 名 (OC *meŋ, “name”): “name” (名) > “to name; to give (a name to)” (命) > “to order; to command” > “order; command” > “destiny; fate; lot” > “life” (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation
Definitions
命
- life; existence; state of living (Classifier: 條／条 m c)
- lifespan; life expectancy
- destiny; fate; luck
- order; command; instruction
- to order; to command
- to give (a title, name to); to name
Synonyms
- (life): 生命 (shēngmìng)
See also
- 生活 (shēnghuó, “(personal aspects of) life”)
Compounds
Derived terms from 命
|
|
|
Japanese
Kanji
命
Readings
Compounds
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 命 |
| いのち Grade: 3 |
| kun’yomi |
From Old Japanese. Probably a compound of Old Japanese elements 息 (i, “breath”, i in compounds, iki on its own) + の (no, possessive particle) + 霊 (chi, “spirit, force, soul”).
Some analyses describe this as a compound using 生 (i, “life, breath”, i in compounds, iki on its own) as the initial semantic element. This is equally valid, as 息 (iki) and 生き (iki) are cognates.
Pronunciation
Noun
命 (hiragana いのち, rōmaji inochi)
- life
- 命の恩人
- inochi no onjin
- person to whom one owes their life
- 命の恩人
- lifespan
- lifetime
- fate, destiny
- (figuratively) the most important part or aspect of a thing
Synonyms
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 命 |
| みこと Grade: 3 |
| kun’yomi |
From Old Japanese. Compound of 御 (mi, honorific prefix) + 言 (koto, “word”).[2] The mi prefix is generally limited to extremely high-status contexts such as gods or emperors.
Pronunciation
Alternative forms
- 御言
Noun
命 (hiragana みこと, rōmaji mikoto)
- the words or pronouncements of a god or an emperor
Etymology 3
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 命 |
| みこと Grade: 3 |
| kun’yomi |
From Old Japanese. Originally a compound of 御 (mi, honorific prefix) + 事 (koto, “abstract thing”, as opposed to 物, mono, “concrete thing”).[2][1]
Pronunciation
Alternative forms
Noun
命 (hiragana みこと, rōmaji mikoto)
- the honorable, the exalted
- Used as a title after the referenced noun when referring to gods, emperors, or other high-status persons.
- the beloved, dearly beloved
- Similarly used as a title after the referenced noun.
- 711-712, Kojiki (Kami tsu maki)
- 和加久佐能 都麻能美許登
- 若草の妻の命
- わかくさのつまのみこと
- Wakakusa no tsuma no mikoto
- dearly beloved young wife
Pronoun
命 (hiragana みこと, rōmaji mikoto)
Usage notes
Used ironically from the late Heian period, expressing a sense of mild derision or ridicule.
Etymology 4
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 命 |
| めい Grade: 3 |
| on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 命 (mjængH, “command”). Compare modern Mandarin 命 (mìng, “life, destiny, instruction”).
Pronunciation
Noun
Synonyms
References
Korean
Hanja
命 • (myeong) (hangeul 명, revised myeong, McCune–Reischauer myŏng)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Vietnamese
Han character
命 (mệnh, mạng, mình, mạnh, mịnh)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
This article is issued from
Wiktionary.
The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike.
Additional terms may apply for the media files.