句

See also: 可, 旬, and 勾
句 U+53E5, 句
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-53E5
← 古
[U+53E4] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 另 →
[U+53E6]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

句 (radical 30, 口+2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 心口 (PR), four-corner 27620, composition ⿹勹口)

Derived characters

References

  • KangXi: page 171, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3234
  • Dae Jaweon: page 382, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 571, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+53E5

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 句

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 句
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (句) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
勾 *koː, *koːs
鉤 *koː
鴝 *koː, *ɡo
句 *koː, *koːs, *kos, *ɡo
夠 *koː, *koːs, *kʰoː
枸 *koː, *koːʔ, *koʔ
軥 *koː, *koːs, *ɡo
狗 *koːʔ
苟 *koːʔ
岣 *koːʔ, *ko
笱 *koːʔ
玽 *koːʔ
耇 *koːʔ
豿 *koːʔ, *qʰroːɡ
敂 *koːʔ
怐 *koːs, *kʰoːs, *qʰoːs, *kos
雊 *koːs
竘 *kʰoːʔ, *kʰoʔ
齁 *qʰoː
呴 *qʰoːʔ, *qʰos
蚼 *qʰoːʔ, *ɡo
豞 *qʰoːs
訽 *qʰoːs, *ɡoːs
佝 *qʰoːs
拘 *ko
駒 *ko
眗 *ko
跔 *ko
鮈 *ko
痀 *ko
蒟 *koʔ, *kos
絇 *kos, *ɡo
邭 *kos
劬 *ɡo
朐 *ɡo
鼩 *ɡo
斪 *ɡo
翑 *ɡo
葋 *ɡo
姁 *ɡo, *qʰo, *qʰoʔ, *qʰos
欨 *qʰo, *qʰoʔ
喣 *qʰoʔ
煦 *qʰoʔ, *qʰos
昫 *qʰos

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *koː, *koːs, *kos, *ɡo) : phonetic 丩 (OC *kɯw, *krɯw) + semantic 口.

The 丩 component now resembles the unrelated 勹.

Pronunciation 1

  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 句
Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕy⁵¹/
Harbin /t͡ɕy⁵³/
Tianjin /t͡ɕy⁵³/
Jinan /t͡ɕy²¹/
Qingdao /t͡ɕy⁴²/
Zhengzhou /t͡ɕy³¹²/
Xi'an /t͡ɕy⁴⁴/
Xining /t͡ɕy²¹³/
Yinchuan /t͡ɕy¹³/
Lanzhou /t͡ɕy¹³/
Ürümqi /t͡ɕy²¹³/
Wuhan /t͡ɕy³⁵/
Chengdu /t͡ɕy¹³/
Guiyang /t͡ɕi²¹³/
Kunming /t͡ɕi²¹²/
Nanjing /t͡ɕy⁴⁴/
Hefei /t͡sz̩ʷ⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕy⁴⁵/
Pingyao /t͡ɕy³⁵/
Hohhot /t͡ɕy⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /t͡ɕy³⁵/
Suzhou /t͡ɕy⁵¹³/
Hangzhou /t͡sz̩ʷ⁴⁴⁵/
Wenzhou /t͡ɕy⁴²/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕy³²⁴/
Tunxi /t͡ɕy⁴²/
Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕy⁵⁵/
Xiangtan /t͡ɕy⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕy⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /ki⁵³/
Taoyuan /ki⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /køy³³/
Nanning /ky³³/
Hong Kong /køy³³/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /ku²¹/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /kuɔ²¹²/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /ky³³/
Shantou (Min Nan) /ku²¹³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /ku³⁵/
Rime
Character 句
Reading # 3/4
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 虞 (24)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 九遇切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kɨoH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kioH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kioH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kuə̆H/
Li
Rong		 /kioH/
Wang
Li		 /kĭuH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ki̯uH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 jù
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 句
Reading # 3/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 jù
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ kjuH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[k](r)o-s/
English phrase

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 句
Reading # 3/4
No. 7102
Phonetic
component		 句
Rime
group		 侯
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 屨
Old
Chinese		 /*kos/
Notes 朱駿聲從丩口聲

Definitions

句

  1. sentence; phrase
  2. Classifier for sentences.
    他一共也沒說幾句話。 [MSC, trad.]
    他一共也没说几句话。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā yīgòng yě méi shuō jǐ jù huà. [Pinyin]
    He didn't say much. [lit. He didn't say many sentences.]

Compounds

Pronunciation 2

Rime
Character 句
Reading # 2/4
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 侯 (137)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 古侯切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kəu/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kəu/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kəu/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kəw/
Li
Rong		 /ku/
Wang
Li		 /kəu/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /kə̯u/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 gōu
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 句
Reading # 1/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 gōu
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ kuw ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[k]ˤ(r)o/
English curved

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 句
Reading # 1/4
No. 7064
Phonetic
component		 句
Rime
group		 侯
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 鉤
Old
Chinese		 /*koː/

Definitions

句

  1. † to bend; to curve
  2. † Alternative form of 鉤／钩 (gōu, “hook”).
  3. † to be polite and modest
  4. † to arrest; to capture
  5. † to examine
  6. (historical geometry) Alternative form of 勾 (gōu, “the shorter leg of a right triangle”).
  7. A surname​.
Coordinate terms
  • (geometry): 股 (gǔ)

Compounds

  • 倨句
  • 句卒
  • 句吳／句吴
  • 句廉
  • 句戟
  • 句無／句无
  • 句股
  • 句芒

Pronunciation 3

Rime
Character 句
Reading # 4/4
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 侯 (137)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 古候切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kəuH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kəuH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kəuH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kəwH/
Li
Rong		 /kuH/
Wang
Li		 /kəuH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /kə̯uH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 gòu
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 句
Reading # 2/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 gòu
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ kuwH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[k]ˤ(r)ok-s/
English loan for 彀 draw a bow to the full

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 句
Reading # 2/4
No. 7079
Phonetic
component		 句
Rime
group		 侯
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 遘
Old
Chinese		 /*koːs/

Definitions

句

  1. Used in 句當／句当, alternative form of 勾當／勾当 (gòudàng).
  2. † Alternative form of 彀 (gòu, “to draw a bow”).
  3. A surname​.

Pronunciation 4

Rime
Character 句
Reading # 1/4
Initial (聲) 群 (30)
Final (韻) 虞 (24)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 其俱切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɡɨo/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɡio/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ɡio/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /guə̆/
Li
Rong		 /ɡio/
Wang
Li		 /ɡĭu/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /gi̯u/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 qú
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 句
Reading # 4/4
No. 7108
Phonetic
component		 句
Rime
group		 侯
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 衢
Old
Chinese		 /*ɡo/

Definitions

句

  1. † Alternative form of 絇 (“a kind of shoe ornament or decoration”).

Compounds

References

Japanese

Kanji

句

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Etymology

Kanji in this term
句
く
Grade: 5
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 句 (kjuH, “phrase”).

Pronunciation

Noun

句 (hiragana く, rōmaji ku)

  1. a short section from a longer text:
    1. a phrase or clause
    2. a sentence or line
    3. a passage or paragraph
    4. a verse from a song
    5. a stanza from a poem

Counter

句 (hiragana く, rōmaji -ku)

  1. counter for stanzas from a poem or for haiku

References

  1. ↑ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

句 • (gu, gwi) (hangeul 구, 귀, revised gu, gwi, McCune–Reischauer ku, kwi)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

句 (câu, cú, cấu)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

  • Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
  • Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
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