石榴
Chinese
| rock; stone; 10 pecks | pomegranate | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| simp. and trad. (石榴) |
石 | 榴 | |
| alt. forms | 石留 | ||
Etymology
Short for 安石榴 (ānshíliú); see there for more.
Pronunciation
Noun
石榴
- pomegranate
- (Shouguang Mandarin) hawthorn
- (Cantonese) guava
Synonyms
| Dialectal synonyms of 番石榴 (“guava”) [map] | ||
|---|---|---|
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 番石榴 | |
| Taxonomic name | 番石榴 | |
| Mandarin | Beijing | 番石榴 |
| Taiwan | 芭樂、番石榴 | |
| Liuzhou | 番石榴、雞屎果 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 番石榴、石榴、雞屎果、女人狗肉 |
| Hong Kong | 番石榴 | |
| Shunde | 花棯 | |
| Foshan | 雞屎果 | |
| Zhongshan | 花稔 | |
| Dongguan | 石榴、花棯、雞屎橘 | |
| Taishan | 番石榴、花棯 | |
| Doumen | 番石榴 | |
| Kaiping | 番石榴 | |
| Yangjiang | 花棯子 | |
| Nanning | 花棯、雞屎果 | |
| Wuzhou | 石榴 | |
| Yulin | 番桃子 | |
| Hepu | 番桃 | |
| Kuala Lumpur | 雞屎果 | |
| Hakka | Meixian | 朳仔 |
| Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 朳仔 | |
| Liudui (S. Sixian) | 那朳仔、拉朳仔 | |
| Hsinchu (Hailu) | 朳仔 | |
| Dongshi (Dabu) | 朳 | |
| Zhuolan (Raoping) | 朳仔 | |
| Yunlin (Zhao'an) | 朳仔 | |
| Sabah | 朳仔 | |
| Senai | 朳仔 | |
| Min Dong | Fuzhou | 番石榴 |
| Fuqing | 番石榴 | |
| Matsu | 番石榴 | |
| Min Nan | Xiamen | 林仔菝 |
| Quanzhou | 林仔菝 | |
| Zhangzhou | 林仔菝 | |
| Taipei | 林仔菝 | |
| Kaohsiung | 林菝仔 | |
| Tainan | 土菝仔、林菝仔、林菝 | |
| Taichung | 菝仔 | |
| Wuqi | 菝仔 | |
| Hsinchu | 菝仔 | |
| Taitung | 菝仔 | |
| Lukang | 林仔菝 | |
| Sanxia | 菝仔 | |
| Yilan | 菝仔 | |
| Kinmen | 林仔菝 | |
| Magong | 林仔菝、林菝 | |
| Penang | 染霧 | |
| Philippines (Manila) | 林仔菝 | |
| Pingnan | 番石榴 | |
| Chaozhou | 番石榴、菝囝 | |
| Shantou | 木囝 | |
| Haifeng | 菝仔 | |
| Johor Bahru | 菝囝 | |
| Pinghua | Nanning | 花棯、番桃 |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 番石榴 |
Derived terms
Japanese
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Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 石 | 榴 |
| じゃく > ざく Grade: 1 |
る > ろ Hyōgaiji |
| Irregular | |
From Middle Chinese 石榴 (d͡ʑiᴇk̚ lɨu, literally “stone + pomegranate”). Compare modern Wu reading zaq lieu, Hakka sa̍k-liù.
The reading is irregular. This may represent a shift in pronunciation from an older borrowing: compare the expected goon reading jakuru. Alternatively, this reading may reflect an ancient sound borrowing, indicating the Zagros Mountains of modern-day Iran, where the pomegranate was originally cultivated.[1]
Pronunciation
Alternative forms
Noun
石榴 (hiragana ざくろ, katakana ザクロ, rōmaji zakuro)
Usage notes
As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts, as ザクロ.
Derived terms
- 石榴石 (zakuroishi): garnet (gemstone)
- 石榴口 (zakuroguchi): a low door used in bathhouses during the Edo period
- 石榴ざか (zakurozaka): a rooster's crest or comb that resembles a pomegranate
- 石榴草 (zakurosō): Mollugo pentaphylla
- 石榴鼻 (zakurobana): a red swollen nose, often seen on alcoholics
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 石 | 榴 |
| じゃく Grade: 1 |
る > ろ Hyōgaiji |
| Irregular | |
From Middle Chinese 石榴 (d͡ʑiᴇk̚ lɨu, literally “stone + pomegranate”). Uses the regular goon reading of jaku for the first character, and the irregular ro reading for the second character instead of the expected goon reading of ru.
Pronunciation
- (Irregular reading)
- IPA(key): [d͡ʑa̠kɯ̟ᵝɾo̞]
Alternative forms
Noun
石榴 (hiragana じゃくろ, rōmaji jakuro)
- (obsolete) pomegranate
Usage notes
This reading appears to be obsolete.
Etymology 3
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 石 | 榴 |
| せき Grade: 1 |
りゅう Hyōgaiji |
| on’yomi | |
/sekiriu/ → /sekirjuː/
From Middle Chinese 石榴 (d͡ʑiᴇk̚ lɨu, literally “stone + pomegranate”). Uses the regular kanon reading of both characters.
Pronunciation
Noun
石榴 (hiragana せきりゅう, rōmaji sekiryū, historical hiragana せきりう)
- (uncommon) pomegranate
Usage notes
The zakuro reading above is the most common reading for this term.
Derived terms
References
- ↑ 清水桂一 (Keiichi Shimizu), editor (1980) たべもの語源辞典 (Tabemono Gogen Jiten, “Etymological Dictionary of Foods”) (in Japanese), 東京堂出版 (Tōkyō-dō Shuppan, “Tokyo Hall Publishing”), →ISBN
- 1 2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
- ↑ 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Korean
| Hanja in this term | |
|---|---|
| 石 | 榴 |
Noun
石榴 • (seongnyu) (hangeul 석류)
- Hanja form? of 석류 (“pomegranate”).
Okinawan
Etymology
Attested in the 沖縄語典 (Okinawa Goten, “Okinawan Dictionary”) as ざぐら.[1] Appears to be cognate with mainland Japanese 石榴 (zakuro); see that entry for further details.
Noun
石榴 (hiragana ざくら, romaji zakura)
References
- ↑ 1896: 沖縄語典 (Okinawa Goten, “Okinawan Dictionary”). In Japanese. http://kindai.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/992016/43
Vietnamese
| Hán tự in this word | |
|---|---|
| 石 | 榴 |
Noun
石榴
- Hán tự form of thạch lựu, “pomegranate”