沖

See also: 冲 and 盅

沖	U+6C96, 沖 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6C96

← 沕
[U+6C95]

CJK Unified Ideographs

沗 →
[U+6C97]

Translingual

Han character

沖 (radical 85, 水+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 水中 (EL), four-corner 3510₆, composition ⿰氵中)

Derived characters

𥁵

References

KangXi: page 611, character 18
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17209
Dae Jaweon: page 1004, character 8
Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 1565, character 3
Unihan data for U+6C96

Chinese

trad.		沖
simp.		冲^*

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 沖
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (中) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
中	tuŋ, tuŋs
忠	*tuŋ
衷	tuŋ, tuŋs
忡	*tʰuŋ
浺	*tʰuŋ
盅	tʰuŋ, duŋ, *tjoŋ
种	*duŋ
沖	*duŋ
翀	*duŋ
仲	*duŋs

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): chōng (chong¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄔㄨㄥ
Cantonese (Jyutping): cung¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhûng
Min Nan (POJ): chhèng / chhiong

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: chōng
  - Zhuyin: ㄔㄨㄥ
  - Wade–Giles: ch'ung¹
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chong
  - IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: cung¹
  - Yale: chūng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsung¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: cung¹
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhûng
  - Hakka Romanization System: cung´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: cung¹
  - IPA: /t͡sʰuŋ²⁴/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhèng / chhiong
  - Tâi-lô: tshìng / tshiong
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhexng, chiofng
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡ɕʰiɪŋ²¹/, /t͡ɕʰiɔŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕʰiɪŋ⁴¹/, /t͡ɕʰiɔŋ³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕʰiɪŋ²¹/, /t͡ɕʰiɔŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡ɕʰiɪŋ¹¹/, /t͡ɕʰiɔŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕʰiɪŋ²¹/, /t͡ɕʰiɔŋ⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: /ɖɨuŋ/▼

Rime
Character	沖
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	澄 (11)
Final (韻)	東 (2)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	直弓切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɖɨuŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/ɖiuŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/ȡiuŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɖuwŋ/
Li Rong	/ȡiuŋ/
Wang Li	/ȡĭuŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȡʱi̯uŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chóng

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[d]ruŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*duŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	沖
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	chōng
Middle Chinese	‹ drjuwng ›
Old Chinese	/*[d]ruŋ/
English	sound of cutting ice
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	沖
Reading #	1/1
No.	17416
Phonetic component	中
Rime group	終
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	蟲
Old Chinese	/*duŋ/

Definitions

沖

to pour water on; to rinse; to flush; to wash
- 我觉得我得回家冲个澡。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]
  Wǒ juédé wǒ děi huíjiā chōng gè zǎo. [Pinyin]
  I think I'll go home and have a shower.
- 許多房屋被洪水沖走了。 [MSC, trad.]
  许多房屋被洪水冲走了。 [MSC, simp.]
  Xǔduō fángwū bèi hóngshuǐ chōngzǒu le. [Pinyin]
  A lot of houses were washed away by the flood.
- 他用水冲了把脸，然后刷牙。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]
  Tā yòng shuǐ chōng le bǎ liǎn, ránhòu shuāyá. [Pinyin]
  He splashed water on his face, then brushed his teeth.
to infuse; to make drinks
- 冲茶 ― chōng chá ― to make tea
- 冲咖啡 ― chōng kāfēi ― to make coffee
- 给你的咖啡，按你的口味冲的。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]
  Jǐ nǐ de kāfēi, àn nǐ de kǒuwèi chōng de. [Pinyin]
  Here's your coffee, just the way you like it.
to soar; to rise; to shoot up
(of water) to dash against; to collide with
to develop (a film)
- 冲胶卷 ― chōng jiāojuǎn ― to develop a film

Compounds

Derived terms from 沖

一沖性子／一冲性子
一飛沖天／一飞冲天
土壤沖蝕／土壤冲蚀
大水沖溺／大水冲溺
大沖／大冲
太沖／太冲
平易謙沖／平易谦冲
志沖斗牛／志冲斗牛
怒氣沖天／怒气冲天
怒氣沖沖／怒气冲冲
怒氣沖發／怒气冲发
怒沖沖／怒冲冲
怨氣沖天／怨气冲天
撞府沖州／撞府冲州
氣沖斗牛／气冲斗牛
氣沖沖／气冲冲 (qìchōngchōng)
氣沖牛斗／气冲牛斗
氣沖霄漢／气冲霄汉
沖人／冲人
沖刷／冲刷 (chōngshuā)
沖剋／冲克
沖印／冲印
沖和／冲和
沖喜／冲喜
沖壓／冲压 (chōngyā)
沖壓機／冲压机
沖天／冲天 (chōngtiān)
沖天之怒／冲天之怒

沖天炮／冲天炮
沖帳／冲帐 (chōngzhàng)
沖年／冲年
沖床／冲床 (chōngchuáng)
沖弱／冲弱
沖懷／冲怀
沖撞／冲撞
沖擊／冲击
沖擴／冲扩
沖昧／冲昧
沖服／冲服 (chōngfú)
沖服劑／冲服剂
沖末／冲末
沖模／冲模
沖決／冲决
沖沖／冲冲 (chōngchōng)
沖泡／冲泡 (chōngpào)
沖洗／冲洗 (chōngxǐ)
沖流／冲流
沖涼／冲凉 (chōngliáng)
沖淡／冲淡
沖滌／冲涤
沖激／冲激
沖瀉／冲泻
沖犯／冲犯 (chōngfàn)
沖稅／冲税
沖積／冲积 (chōngjī)

沖積層／冲积层
沖積島／冲积岛
沖積平原／冲积平原
沖積扇／冲积扇
沖空機／冲空机
沖茶／冲茶 (chōngchá)
沖虛／冲虚
沖虛真人／冲虚真人
沖虛真經／冲虚真经
沖蝕／冲蚀 (chōngshí)
沖襟／冲襟
沖退／冲退
沖銷／冲销
沖霄／冲霄
沖霄漢外／冲霄汉外
沖默／冲默
沖鼻／冲鼻
沖齡／冲龄
臭氣沖天／臭气冲天
興沖沖／兴冲冲
虛沖／虚冲
謙沖／谦冲
謙沖自牧／谦冲自牧
買進對沖／买进对冲
過沖／过冲
飛必沖天／飞必冲天
黑氣沖天／黑气冲天

Japanese

Kanji

沖

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

Goon: じゅう (jū)^{←ぢゆう (dyū, historical)}
Kan’on: ちゅう (chū, Jōyō)^{←ちゆう (tyū, historical)}
Kun: おき (oki, 沖, Jōyō); おきつ (okitsu, 沖); わく (waku, 沖)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
沖
おき Grade: S
kun’yomi

Alternative forms

澳

Pronunciation

Kun’yomi
- IPA^(key): [o̞kʲi]

Noun

沖 (hiragana おき, rōmaji oki)

open sea

Proper noun

沖 (hiragana おき, rōmaji Oki)

A surname.

Korean

Hanja

沖 • (chung) (hangeul 충, revised chung, McCune–Reischauer ch'ung, Yale chwung)

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Vietnamese

Han character

沖 (trong, trùng, xung)

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References

Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville

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