弓

See also: 弖 and 弔
弓 U+5F13, 弓
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5F13
← 弒
[U+5F12] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 弔 →
[U+5F14]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

弓 (radical 57 弓+0, 3 strokes, cangjie input 弓 (N), four-corner 17207)

  1. Kangxi radical #57, ⼸.

Derived characters

References

  • KangXi: page 356, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9692
  • Dae Jaweon: page 671, character 22
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 987, character 11
  • Unihan data for U+5F13

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 弓

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 弓
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (弓) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
弓 *kʷɯŋ
穹 *kʰʷɯŋ
焪 *kʰʷɯŋ, *kʰʷɯŋs
芎 *kʰʷɯŋ

Pictogram (象形) - pictographic representation of a bow.

Pronunciation

Note:
  • keng - vernacular;
  • kiong - literary.
  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 弓
Mandarin Beijing /kuŋ⁵⁵/
Harbin /kuŋ⁴⁴/
Tianjin /kuŋ²¹/
Jinan /kuŋ²¹³/
Qingdao /kəŋ²¹³/
Zhengzhou /kuŋ²⁴/
Xi'an /kuŋ²¹/
Xining /kuə̃⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /kuŋ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /kũn³¹/
Ürümqi /kuŋ⁴⁴/
Wuhan /koŋ⁵⁵/
Chengdu /koŋ⁵⁵/
/t͡ɕyoŋ⁵⁵/
Guiyang /koŋ⁵⁵/
/t͡ɕioŋ⁵⁵/
Kunming /koŋ/
Nanjing /koŋ³¹/
Hefei /kəŋ²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /kuəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /kuŋ¹³/
Hohhot /kũŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /koŋ⁵³/
Suzhou /koŋ⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /koŋ³³/
Wenzhou /t͡ɕoŋ³³/
Hui Shexian /kuʌ̃³¹/
Tunxi /kan¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /koŋ³³/
Xiangtan /kən³³/
Gan Nanchang /kuŋ⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /kiuŋ⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /kioŋ²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /koŋ⁵³/
Nanning /kuŋ⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /kuŋ⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /kiɔŋ⁵⁵/
/kiŋ⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /kyŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /kœyŋ⁵⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /keŋ³³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /koŋ²³/
/kiaŋ²³/
Rime
Character 弓
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 東 (2)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 居戎切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kɨuŋ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kiuŋ/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kiuŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kuwŋ/
Li
Rong		 /kiuŋ/
Wang
Li		 /kĭuŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ki̯uŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 jiōng
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 弓
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 gōng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ kjuwng ›
Old
Chinese		 /*kʷəŋ/
English bow (n.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 弓
Reading # 1/1
No. 4079
Phonetic
component		 弓
Rime
group		 蒸
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 弓
Old
Chinese		 /*kʷɯŋ/

Definitions

弓

  1. a bow
  2. curved, arched
  3. to arch, to bend

Compounds

See also

Japanese

Kanji

弓

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
弓
ゆ
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese. In modern Japanese, only found as a prefix in compounds.[1][2]

Pronunciation

Prefix

弓 (hiragana ゆ, rōmaji yu-)

  1. a bow, a bow shape
Derived terms

Etymology 2

弓 (yumi): Four different types of bow.
弓 (yu, yumi, tarashi, kyū): Japanese bows, arrows, and arrow-stand.
Kanji in this term
弓
ゆみ
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

Appears to be Old Japanese yu + suffixing element mi, itself of uncertain derivation.

Pronunciation

Noun

弓 (hiragana ゆみ, rōmaji yumi)

  1. a bow:
    1. (weaponry) a bow for shooting arrows
    2. (music) a bow for playing a stringed instrument such as a violin or cello
  2. archery
  3. (Shinto) a type of kagura (sacred Shinto song and dance) intended to drive away evil
  4. short for 破魔弓 (はまゆみ) (hama yumi): a ceremonial archery bow with the power to dispel evil
  5. a bow shape, a curve
  6. a bow-shaped tool used to beat ginned cotton into a softer and finer textile
Coordinate terms
Derived terms

See also

  • ロングボウ
Further reading

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
弓
たらし
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

Alteration from torashi, 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb torasu, from tora as the 未然形 (mizenkei, “incomplete form”) of verb 取る (toru, “to take”) + す (su, honorific suffix in Old Japanese). Original meaning was “something kept to hand”.[1][2]

Pronunciation

Alternative forms

Noun

弓 (hiragana たらし, rōmaji tarashi)

  1. (rare, honorific) an archery bow, particularly one belonging to a noble
Synonyms
  • 御執, 御弓 (みたらし, ​mitarashi)

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
弓
きゅう
Grade: 2
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 弓 (*giung).[1][2] Compare modern Mandarin 弓 (gōng).

Pronunciation

Noun

弓 (hiragana きゅう, rōmaji kyū)

  1. (rare) a bow
  2. (obsolete) in ancient Chinese archery, a unit of length for measuring the distance between the archer and the target; one kyū was equal to six 尺 (shaku), roughly six feet or 182 centimeters
  3. (obsolete) in ancient China, a unit of length for surveying land; one kyū was equal to eight 尺 (shaku), roughly eight feet or 242 centimeters
Usage notes

In modern Japanese, the reading kyū is most often found in compounds.

Derived terms

References

  1. 1 2 3 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ↑ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean

弓
the shape of the Hun bow

Hanja

弓 • (gung)

  • Eumhun:
    • Sound (hangeul): 궁 (McCune–Reischauer: kung, Yale: kwung)
    • Name (hangeul): 활
  1. (활:궁, hwal:gung): bow (for shooting arrows)

Compounds

See also

Vietnamese

Han character

弓 (cung, cong, củng)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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