平
See also: 乎
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Translingual
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Han character
平 (radical 51, 干+2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 一火十 (MFJ), four-corner 10409, composition ⿻干丷(GHTJV) or ⿻干八(K))
Derived characters
References
- KangXi: page 339, character 3
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9167
- Dae Jaweon: page 646, character 3
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 407, character 1
- Unihan data for U+5E73
Chinese
| simp. and trad. |
平 | |
|---|---|---|
| alt. forms | 𠀒 | |
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 平 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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| Characters in the same phonetic series (平) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 平 | *ben, *beŋ |
| 怦 | *pʰreːŋ |
| 砰 | *pʰreːŋ |
| 抨 | *pʰreːŋ |
| 閛 | *pʰreːŋ |
| 伻 | *pʰreːŋ |
| 評 | *beŋ, *beŋs |
| 坪 | *beŋ, *beŋs |
| 苹 | *beŋ |
| 枰 | *beŋ, *beŋs |
| 泙 | *beŋ |
| 蚲 | *beŋ |
| 胓 | *beŋ |
| 匉 | *pʰreːŋ |
| 萍 | *beːŋ |
Pronunciation 1
Definitions
平
- level; even; flat
- even
- Synonyms: 均 (jūn)
- draw, tie
- to level
- calm; peaceful
- peace
- to pacify
- (used in placenames of conquered lands) pacified territory
- ordinary; common; mediocre; average
- (Cantonese, Hakka) cheap; inexpensive
- A surname, number 95 of the Baijiaxing
Synonyms
| Dialectal synonyms of 便宜 (“cheap”) [map] | ||
|---|---|---|
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 便宜、低廉 | |
| Mandarin | Beijing | 便宜、賤 |
| Taiwan | 便宜 | |
| Jinan | 便宜、賤 | |
| Xi'an | 便宜、賤 | |
| Wuhan | 便宜、相因 | |
| Chengdu | 相因、便宜 | |
| Yangzhou | 便宜、划廉 | |
| Hefei | 巧、便宜 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 平 |
| Hong Kong | 平 | |
| Taishan | 平 | |
| Yangjiang | 平、平宜 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 便宜 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 便宜、平 |
| Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 便宜 | |
| Liudui (S. Sixian) | 便宜 | |
| Hsinchu (Hailu) | 便宜 | |
| Dongshi (Dabu) | 便宜 | |
| Zhuolan (Raoping) | 便宜 | |
| Yunlin (Zhao'an) | 便宜 | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 便宜、賤 |
| Min Bei | Jian'ou | 便宜 |
| Min Dong | Fuzhou | 便宜 |
| Matsu | 便宜 | |
| Min Nan | Xiamen | 俗、便宜 |
| Quanzhou | 俗、便宜 | |
| Zhangzhou | 俗、便宜 | |
| Taipei | 俗、便宜 | |
| Kaohsiung | 俗、便宜 | |
| Penang | 便宜 | |
| Philippines (Manila) | 俗 | |
| Chaozhou | 便 | |
| Wu | Shanghai | 𠼢、便宜 |
| Suzhou | 便宜、𠼢 | |
| Wenzhou | 倯、便宜 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 便宜 |
| Shuangfeng | 便宜、賤 | |
Compounds
Derived terms from 平
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Pronunciation 2
Definitions
平
- Alternative form of 辨 (biàn).
Pronunciation 3
Definitions
平
Pronunciation 4
| For pronunciation and definitions of 平 – see 抨 (“to shoot with a catapult; to pat; to beat; etc.”). (This character, 平, is a variant form of 抨.) |
Japanese
Kanji
平
Readings
Compounds
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 平 |
| ひら Grade: 3 |
| kun’yomi |
/pi1ra/ invalid IPA characters (1) → /pira/ → /fira/ → /hira/
Stem of 平たい (hiratai). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)
Pronunciation
Noun
平 (hiragana ひら, rōmaji hira)
- something flat; flattened
- ordinary; common; mediocre
- person of low-ranking status
- the top ridge of a roof parallel to the side of a building (Can we verify(+) this sense?)
- Short for 平織 (hiraori, “plain weave”).
- in bookbinding, the flat part of a cover (Can we verify(+) this sense?)
- Short for 平椀 (hirawan).
Derived terms
- 平泳ぎ (hiraoyogi, “breaststroke”)
- 平日 (hirabi)
Prefix
平 (hiragana ひら, rōmaji hira-)
- single-minded (Can we verify(+) this sense?)
- connects to a noun
Proper noun
平 (hiragana ひら, rōmaji Hira)
- a female given name
- a surname.
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 平 |
| たいら Grade: 3 |
| kun’yomi |
/tapi1ra/ invalid IPA characters (1) → /tapira/ → /tafira/ → /taira/
Nominalization of 平ら (taira).
Noun
Proper noun
平 (hiragana たいら, rōmaji Taira, historical hiragana たひら)
- a place name
- a surname.
- a male given name
Etymology 3
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 平 |
| ひょう Grade: 3 |
| on’yomi |
*/bʲau/ → /pʲau/ → /pjɔː/ → /pjoː/
Probably from the goon reading byō, itself derived from Middle Chinese 平 (MC bˠiæŋ).
Pronunciation
Noun
平 (hiragana ひょう, rōmaji hyō, historical hiragana ひやう)
- Synonym of 平韻 (hyōin)
- Abbreviation of 平調 (hyōjō).
Etymology 4
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 平 |
| へい Grade: 3 |
| on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 平 (MC bˠiæŋ). The kan'on reading, so likely a later borrowing.
Pronunciation
Noun
Proper noun
平 (hiragana へい, rōmaji Hei)
- a surname.
Etymology 5
Various nanori readings.
Proper noun
平 (hiragana おさむ, rōmaji Osamu)
- a surname.
- a male given name (Can we verify(+) this sense?)
平 (hiragana ひとし, rōmaji Hitoshi)
- a surname.
- a male given name
平 (hiragana ひろし, rōmaji Hiroshi)
- a male given name (Can we verify(+) this sense?)
平 (hiragana やすし, rōmaji Yasushi)
- a male given name (Can we verify(+) this sense?)
- a surname.
References
Korean
Hanja
平 • (pyeong, pyeon) (hangeul 평, 편, revised pyeong, pyeon, McCune–Reischauer p'yŏng, p'yŏn)
Derived terms
Derived terms
Vietnamese
Han character
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Compounds
- 平安 bình an
- 高平 Cao Bằng
- 平平 biền biền (cf. Thiều Chửu )
- 平常 bình thường
Readings
- Nôm: bình, bằng, bường
References
- Thiều Chửu: Hán Việt Tự Điển, Hà Nội, 1942
- Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
- Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
- Nom Foundation
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