夫

See also: 禾, 末, 天, 未, 夭, 兂, and 伕
夫 U+592B, 夫
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-592B
← 太
[U+592A] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 夬 →
[U+592C]

Translingual

Han character

夫 (radical 37, 大+1, 4 strokes, cangjie input 手人 (QO), four-corner 50030, composition ⿻二人)

See also

  • 替 賛 (top simplified from 竝 and 兟)

References

  • KangXi: page 248, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5835
  • Dae Jaweon: page 507, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 521, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+592B

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 夫

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 夫
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (夫) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
趺 *pa
肤 *pa
邞 *pa
鈇 *pa
衭 *pa
玞 *pa
夫 *pa, *ba
鳺 *pa
扶 *pa, *ba
妋 *pa, *qu
麩 *pʰa
蚨 *ba
芙 *ba
颫 *ba
枎 *ba

Ideogrammic compound (會意) : 大 (“man”) + 一 (“hairpin”) – a man with a hairpin in his hair.

In ancient times, when men reached the age of 20, they bound their hair with a hairpin during the Guan Li ceremony. The hairpin is the sign of “a grownup man”.

Etymology 1

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *p/ba (“male, father, third-person pronoun”). Cognate with Tibetan པ (pa, “masculine noun suffix”), Burmese ဖ (hpa., “masculine noun suffix”). Possibly related to 父 (OC *paʔ, *baʔ, “father”).

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 夫
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 幫 (1)
Final (韻) 虞 (24)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 甫無切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /pɨo/
Pan
Wuyun		 /pio/
Shao
Rongfen		 /pio/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /puə̆/
Li
Rong		 /pio/
Wang
Li		 /pĭu/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /pi̯u/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 fū
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 夫
Reading # 1/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 fū
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ pju ›
Old
Chinese		 /*p(r)a/
English man

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 夫
Reading # 1/2
No. 3274
Phonetic
component		 夫
Rime
group		 魚
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 跗
Old
Chinese		 /*pa/

Definitions

夫

  1. male adult; man
  2. husband
    丈夫  ―  zhàngfū  ―  husband
    夫婦 / 夫妇  ―  fūfù  ―  married couple
  3. person
  4. manual worker
    農夫 / 农夫  ―  nóngfū  ―  peasant
    漁夫 / 渔夫  ―  yúfū  ―  fisherman

Compounds

Etymology 2

“That”. Schuessler (2007) connects this with Proto-Loloish *m-ba (“on the other side”), Tibetan ཕ (pha, “beyond, farther on, onward”). Maybe related to 彼 (OC *pralʔ, “that”).

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 夫
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 並 (3)
Final (韻) 虞 (24)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 防無切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /bɨo/
Pan
Wuyun		 /bio/
Shao
Rongfen		 /bio/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /buə̆/
Li
Rong		 /bio/
Wang
Li		 /bĭu/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /bʱi̯u/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 fú
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 夫 夫
Reading # 2/3 3/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 fú fú
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ bju › ‹ bju ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[b]a/ /*ba/
English this, that final particle

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 夫
Reading # 2/2
No. 3281
Phonetic
component		 夫
Rime
group		 魚
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 扶
Old
Chinese		 /*ba/

Definitions

夫

  1. † A generic personal pronoun – he; she; it; they.
  2. † A generic demonstrative pronoun – this; that; these; those.
  3. † Sentence-initial particle which introduces a topic.
    夫將者，國之輔也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
    夫将者，国之辅也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
    From: The Art of War, circa 5th century BCE
    Fú jiàng zhě, guó zhī fǔ yě. [Pinyin]
    The general is the country's defense.
  4. † Sentence-final particle, meaning “Is it not?”.
  5. † Meaningless particle in the middle of a sentence.

Compounds

Etymology 3

For pronunciation and definitions of 夫 – see 伕 (“husband; common laborer; etc.”).
(This character, 夫, is the second-round simplified form of 伕.)
Notes:

Japanese

Kanji

夫

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. man
  2. husband
  3. that, those

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
夫
おっと
Grade: 4
kun’yomi

Pronunciation

Noun

夫 (hiragana おっと, rōmaji otto, historical hiragana をつと)

  1. (humble) (one's own) husband

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
夫
つま
Grade: 4
kun’yomi

Pronunciation

Noun

夫 (hiragana つま, rōmaji tsuma)

  1. spouse, consort

References

  1. 1 2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
  3. ↑ 1974, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Second Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō

Korean

Hanja

夫 • (bu) (hangeul 부)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

夫 (phu)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.