s'

See also: -s' and Appendix:Variations of "s"

English

Particle

s’

See -s'.

Asturian

Pronoun

s'

Apocopic form of se before a vowel

Catalan

Pronoun

s’

Contraction of es.

Declension

Catalan personal pronouns and clitics

	strong/subject	weak (direct object)		weak (indirect object)		possessive
singular		proclitic	enclitic	proclitic	enclitic
1st person	jo, mi³	em, m’	-me, ’m	em, m’	-me, ’m	meu
1st person majestic¹	nós	ens	-nos, ’ns	ens	-nos, ’ns	nostre
2nd person	tu	et, t’	-te, ’t	et, t’	-te, ’t	teu
2nd person formal¹	vós	us	-vos, -us	us	-vos, -us	vostre
2nd person very formal²	vostè	el, l’	-lo, ’l	li	-li	seu
3rd person masculine	ell	el, l’	-lo, ’l	li	-li	seu
3rd person feminine	ella	la, l’⁴	-la	li	-li	seu
3rd person neuter		ho	-ho	li	-li	seu
3rd person reflexive	si	es, s’	-se, ’s	es, s’	-se, ’s	seu
plural
1st person	nosaltres	ens	-nos, ’ns	ens	-nos, ’ns	nostre
2nd person	vosaltres	us	-vos, -us	us	-vos, -us	vostre
2nd person formal²	vostès	els	-los, ’ls	els	-los, ’ls	seu
3rd person masculine	ells	els	-los, ’ls	els	-los, ’ls	seu
3rd person feminine	elles	les	-les	els	-los, ’ls	seu
3rd person reflexive	si	es, s’	-se, ’s	es, s’	-se, ’s	seu
adverbial
ablative/genitive		en, n’	-ne, ’n
locative		hi	-hi
¹⁾ Behaves grammatically as plural. ²⁾ Behaves grammatically as third person.			³⁾ Only as object of a preposition. ⁴⁾ Not before unstressed (h)i-, (h)u-.

French

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /s‿/

Conjunction

s’

Elision of si (“if”) before il or ils.

S’il vous plaît ― Please / Here you are.

S’il te plaît. ― Please / Here you are.

Je ne sais pas s’ils viendront demain.
I don’t know if they will come tomorrow.

Pronoun

s’ (third person)

Elision of se before a word beginning with a vowel.

Il s’habille. ― He’s dressing (himself).

Il s’aime. ― He loves himself.

Ils s’aiment.
They love themselves. / They love each other.
(informal) Elision of se before a word beginning with a consonant.

Y s’bouge le cul ou quoi? ― Is he movin’ his ass or what?

Italian

Pronoun

s’ (third person)

(before a vowel) Apocopic form of si

Usage notes

Elides commonly before i.

Manx

Alternative forms

s- (used before a vowel)
sh- (used before front vowels)

Etymology

From Old Irish is.

Particle

s'

Present/future copula form

S'mie lhiam shillishyn.
I am fond of cherries.

Shegin dooin goll dy chaggey.
We have to go to war.

my saillt ― please (said to one person)
Used to introduce the comparative/superlative form of adjectives

V'ee yn inneen s'bwaaee 'sy theihll.
She was the prettiest girl in the world.

fer s'gilley jeh mooinjey y vadran ― the brightest of the sons of the morning

Usage notes

Only used with adjectives. When nouns are equated with each other, use she.

Neapolitan

Pronoun

s’

(before a vowel) Apocopic form of se

Norman

Etymology

Old French se < Latin sē.

Pronoun

s'

third-person singular reflexive pronoun; oneself

s'rêjoui ― to enjoy oneself

Old French

Pronoun

s'

his; her; its (elided form of son or sa before a word starting with a vowel)

s'oreille ― his ear

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Number	Person	Gender	Nominative	Reflexive	Accusative	Dative	Locative	Genitive	Disjunctive
Singular	first	—	io	mi, m'			—		me
	second	—	tu	ti, t'			—		te
	third	m	lui	si,² s'	lo, l'	gli	ci, c', vi, v' (formal)	ne, n'	lui, sé
	third	f ¹	lei, Lei	si,² s'	la, l', La	le,³ Le	ci, c', vi, v' (formal)	ne, n'	lei, Lei, sé
Plural	first	—	noi	ci, c'			—		noi
	second	—	voi	vi, v'			—		voi
	third	m	loro, Loro	si, s'	li	gli, loro (formal), Loro	ci, c', vi, v' (formal)	ne, n'	loro, Loro, sé
	third	f ¹	loro, Loro	si, s'	le	gli, loro (formal), Loro	ci, c', vi, v' (formal)	ne, n'	loro, Loro, sé
¹	The feminine gender forms are also used as formal terms of address, often capitalised as Lei, Loro etc. to distinguish them.
²	Also used as indefinite pronoun meaning “one”, and to form the passive.
³	In informal speech sometimes replaced with gli (nonstandard).

s'

English

Particle

Asturian

Pronoun

Catalan

Pronoun

Declension

French

Pronunciation

Conjunction

Pronoun

Further reading

Italian

Pronoun

Usage notes

See also

Manx

Alternative forms

Etymology

Particle

Usage notes

Neapolitan

Pronoun

Norman

Etymology

Pronoun

Old French

Pronoun