自

See also: 白, 目, and 且
自 U+81EA, 自
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-81EA
← 臩
[U+81E9] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 臫 →
[U+81EB]

Translingual

Stroke order
Stroke order

Han character

自 (radical 132 自+0, 6 strokes, cangjie input 竹月山 (HBU), four-corner 26000)

  1. Kangxi radical #132, ⾃.

Derived characters

  • Index:Chinese radical/自
  • 息

References

  • KangXi: page 1000, character 7
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30095
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1452, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 5, page 3046, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+81EA

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 自

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 自
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Ancient script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (自) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
郋 *ɡiːl
自 *ɦljids
洎 *krids, *ɡrids
臮 *ɡrids
垍 *ɡrids
詯 *qʰʷlɯːls, *ɡʷlɯːls

Originally a pictogram (象形) of a nose; in China (and East Asia) one points at one’s nose to indicate oneself, hence an ideogram (指事) of “self”.

The original meaning of “nose” has been lost. The derivative 鼻 refers to the original word.

Pronunciation

  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 自
Mandarin Beijing /t͡sz̩⁵¹/
Harbin /t͡sz̩⁵³/
Tianjin /t͡sz̩⁵³/
Jinan /t͡sz̩⁴²/ ～己
/t͡sz̩²¹/ ～來水
Qingdao /t͡sz̩⁴²/
Zhengzhou /t͡sz̩³¹²/
Xi'an /t͡sz̩⁴⁴/
Xining /t͡sz̩²¹³/
Yinchuan /t͡sz̩¹³/
Lanzhou /t͡sz̩¹³/
Ürümqi /t͡sz̩²¹³/
Wuhan /t͡sz̩³⁵/
Chengdu /t͡sz̩¹³/
Guiyang /t͡sz̩²¹³/
Kunming /t͡sz̩²¹²/
Nanjing /t͡sz̩⁴⁴/
Hefei /t͡sz̩⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡sz̩⁴⁵/
Pingyao /t͡sz̩³⁵/
Hohhot /t͡sz̩⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /zz̩²³/
Suzhou /zz̩³¹/
Hangzhou /zz̩¹³/
Wenzhou /zz̩²²/
Hui Shexian /t͡sʰz̩²²/
Tunxi /t͡sʰz̩¹¹/
/sz̩⁵/
Xiang Changsha /t͡sz̩⁵⁵/
/t͡sz̩¹¹/
Xiangtan /d͡zz̩²¹/
Gan Nanchang /t͡sʰz̩²¹/
Hakka Meixian /t͡sʰz̩⁵³/
Taoyuan /t͡sʰï⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡si²²/
Nanning /t͡sz̩²²/
Hong Kong /t͡si²²/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /t͡su²²/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /t͡sɛi²⁴²/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /t͡su⁴²/
Shantou (Min Nan) /t͡sɯ³¹/
Haikou (Min Nan) /t͡si³³/ ～己
/t͡si³⁵/ ～從
Rime
Character 自
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 從 (15)
Final (韻) 脂 (15)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 疾二切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /d͡ziɪH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /d͡ziH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /d͡zjɪH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /d͡ziH/
Li
Rong		 /d͡ziH/
Wang
Li		 /d͡ziH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /d͡zʱiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 zì
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 自 自
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 zì zì
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ dzijH › ‹ dzijH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*s.[b]i[t]-s/ /*s.[b]i[t]-s/
English self (adv.) to follow; from

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 自
Reading # 1/1
No. 17879
Phonetic
component		 自
Rime
group		 至
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 自
Old
Chinese		 /*ɦljids/

Definitions

自

  1. self, oneself; one's own
    自顧自 / 自顾自  ―  zìgùzì  ―  each minding his own business; each for himself
  2. certainly, of course
  3. personally
  4. since; from
    自左而右  ―  zì zuǒ ér yòu  ―  from left to right

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

自

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. self, oneself

Readings

Compounds

Korean

Hanja

自 • (ja)

  • Eumhun:
    • Sound (hangeul): 자 (McCune–Reischauer: cha, Yale: ca)
    • Name (hangeul): 스스로
  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds

Vietnamese

Han character

自 (tự, từ, tợ)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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