性

性 U+6027, 性
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6027
← 怦
[U+6026] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 怨 →
[U+6028]

Translingual

Han character

性 (radical 61, 心+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 心竹手一 (PHQM), four-corner 95010, composition ⿰忄生)

References

  • KangXi: page 381, character 24
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10478
  • Dae Jaweon: page 710, character 9
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2286, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+6027

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 性

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (生) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
猜 *sʰlɯː
輤 *sʰleːns
綪 *sʰleːns, *ʔsreːŋ
倩 *sʰleːns, *sʰleŋs
棈 *sʰleːns
蒨 *sʰeːns
篟 *sʰeːns
生 *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs
牲 *sreŋ
笙 *sreŋ
甥 *sreŋ
鉎 *sreŋ, *sleːŋ
珄 *sreŋ
鼪 *sreŋ, *sreŋs
猩 *sreŋ, *seːŋ
狌 *sreŋ
眚 *sreŋʔ
貹 *sreŋs
崝 *zreːŋ
精 *ʔsleŋ, *ʔsleŋs
菁 *ʔsleŋ
鶄 *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleːŋ
蜻 *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleːŋ
鼱 *ʔsleŋ
婧 *ʔsleŋ, *zleŋs, *zleŋʔ
睛 *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleŋʔ
箐 *ʔsleŋ
聙 *ʔsleŋ
旌 *ʔsleŋ
清 *sʰleŋ
圊 *sʰleŋ
請 *sʰleŋʔ, *zleŋs, *zleŋ
凊 *sʰleŋs
䝼 *zleŋs, *zleŋ
靚 *zleŋs
情 *zleŋ
晴 *zleŋ
夝 *zleŋ
靜 *zleŋʔ
靖 *zleŋʔ
睲 *seŋʔ, *seːŋs
惺 *seŋʔ, *seːŋ
性 *sleŋs
姓 *sleŋs
靗 *l̥ʰeŋs
鯖 *ʔljeŋ, *sʰleːŋ
青 *sʰleːŋ
靘 *sʰleːŋ, *sʰleːŋs
掅 *sʰleːŋs
胜 *sleːŋ
曐 *sleːŋ
星 *sleːŋ
鮏 *sleːŋ
腥 *seːŋ, *seːŋs
鯹 *seːŋ
醒 *seːŋ, *seːŋʔ, *seːŋs
篂 *seːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *sleŋs) : semantic 忄 (“heart”) + phonetic 生 (OC *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs) – nature, personal quality, hence of the heart.

Etymology

Derived from 生 (OC *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs, “to live; to be born; innate”).

Pronunciation

Note:
  • sáng - colloquial;
  • séng - literary.
Note:
  • sèng - literary;
  • sìⁿ/sèⁿ - vernacular (limited, e.g. 性命).
Rime
Character 性
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 心 (16)
Final (韻) 清 (121)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 息正切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /siᴇŋH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /siɛŋH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /siæŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /siajŋH/
Li
Rong		 /siɛŋH/
Wang
Li		 /sĭɛŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /si̯ɛŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 xìng
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 性
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 xìng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ sjengH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*seŋ-s/
English nature

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 性
Reading # 1/1
No. 11358
Phonetic
component		 生
Rime
group		 耕
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 性
Old
Chinese		 /*sleŋs/

Definitions

性

  1. nature; character; personality
  2. sex; gender
  3. (linguistics) gender
  4. sexual intercourse
  5. Suffix forming nouns and adjectives, denoting qualities.

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

性

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. one's nature
  2. characteristic
  3. sex, gender
  4. content

Readings

Compounds

References

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
性
しょう
Grade: 5
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 性 (sjengH, “nature of something, inherent quality”).

The goon, so the initial borrowing.

Pronunciation

Noun

性 (hiragana しょう, rōmaji shō, historical hiragana しやう)

  1. the nature of something

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
性
せい
Grade: 5
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 性 (sjengH, “nature of something, inherent quality”).

The kan'on, so a later borrowing.

Pronunciation

Noun

性 (hiragana せい, rōmaji sei)

  1. sex, gender
  2. (grammar) gender
Synonyms

Suffix

性 (hiragana せい, rōmaji -sei)

  1. -ity, -ness, the nature of quality or something

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
性
さが
Grade: 5
kun’yomi

Probably from Old Japanese, although the ultimate derivation is unknown. Appears in The Tale of Genji and The Tales of Ise of the Heian period.[3]

Pronunciation

Alternative forms

Noun

性 (hiragana さが, rōmaji saga)

  1. one's nature
  2. characteristic
Synonyms

References

  1. 1 2 3 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. 1 2 3 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
  3. ↑ 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan

Korean

Hanja

性 • (seong) (hangeul 성, revised seong, McCune–Reischauer sŏng, Yale seng)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

性 (tính, dính, tánh)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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