江
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Translingual
Han character
江 (radical 85, 水+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 水一 (EM), four-corner 31110, composition ⿰氵工)
Descendants
References
- KangXi: page 606, character 4
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17140
- Dae Jaweon: page 999, character 13
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 1551, character 3
- Unihan data for U+6C5F
Chinese
| simp. and trad. |
江 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin
| Characters in the same phonetic series (工) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 缸 | *kroːŋ, *ɡroːŋ |
| 篢 | *kluːmʔ, *koːŋ |
| 贑 | *kluːmʔ |
| 涳 | *ŋr'oːŋ, *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ |
| 江 | *kroːŋ |
| 肛 | *kroːŋ, *qʰroːŋ |
| 扛 | *kroːŋ |
| 杠 | *kroːŋ |
| 豇 | *kroːŋ |
| 茳 | *kroːŋ |
| 釭 | *kroːŋ, *koːŋ, *kuːŋ |
| 矼 | *kroːŋ |
| 玒 | *kroːŋ, *koːŋ |
| 虹 | *kroːŋs, *koːŋs, *ɡoːŋ |
| 腔 | *kʰroːŋ |
| 崆 | *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ |
| 羫 | *kʰroːŋ |
| 控 | *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋs |
| 椌 | *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ |
| 悾 | *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs |
| 跫 | *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoŋ, *ɡoŋ |
| 啌 | *qʰroːŋ |
| 谾 | *qʰroːŋ, *qʰoːŋ |
| 舡 | *qʰroːŋ |
| 項 | *ɡroːŋʔ |
| 屸 | *ɡ·roːŋ |
| 功 | *koːŋ |
| 工 | *koːŋ |
| 疘 | *koːŋ |
| 魟 | *koːŋ, *qʰoːŋ, *ɡoːŋ |
| 攻 | *koːŋ, *kuːŋ |
| 愩 | *koːŋ |
| 碽 | *koːŋ |
| 貢 | *koːŋs |
| 羾 | *koːŋs |
| 空 | *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs |
| 箜 | *kʰoːŋ |
| 硿 | *kʰoːŋ |
| 埪 | *kʰoːŋ |
| 鵼 | *kʰoːŋ |
| 倥 | *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋʔ, *kʰoːŋs |
| 鞚 | *kʰoːŋs |
| 叿 | *qʰoːŋ |
| 嗊 | *qʰoːŋʔ |
| 訌 | *ɡoːŋ |
| 紅 | *ɡoːŋ |
| 仜 | *ɡoːŋ |
| 葒 | *ɡoːŋ |
| 渱 | *ɡoːŋ |
| 鴻 | *ɡoːŋ, *ɡoːŋʔ |
| 汞 | *ɡoːŋʔ |
| 澒 | *ɡoːŋʔ |
| 鞏 | *koŋʔ |
| 巩 | *koŋʔ |
| 銎 | *kʰoŋ, *qʰoŋ |
| 恐 | *kʰoŋʔ, *kʰoŋs |
| 蛩 | *ɡoŋ |
| 筇 | *ɡoŋ |
| 桏 | *ɡoŋ |
| 邛 | *ɡoŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kroːŋ) : semantic 氵 + phonetic 工 (OC *koːŋ).
Etymology 1
“Yangtze River”.
Borrowed from a substrate Mon-Khmer language as Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kl(j)u(ŋ/k) (“river, valley”); compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *ruŋ ~ ruuŋ ~ ruəŋ (“river”) > Proto-Vietic *k-roːŋ (“river”) (Vietnamese sông), Mon ကြုၚ် (krɜŋ, “small river, creek”).
Derivative: 港 (OC *kroːŋʔ, *ɡloːŋs, “harbour”).
Pronunciation
Definitions
江
- Yangtze River
- (by extension) river
- A surname: Jiang (mainland China), Chiang (Taiwan), Kong (Hong Kong)
Usage notes
The original Chinese word for “river” was 水 (shuǐ), literally “water”. In time, the proper name 河 (hé) was used as a word for rivers and its original bearer distinguished as the 黃河／黄河 (Huáng Hé, “Yellow River”). Similarly, 江 was originally the name of the Yangtze River and then applied broadly as a generic word for rivers. In modern Chinese, 江 are usually the larger rivers, 河 are smaller rivers or creeks, and 水 are brooks and streams; but there are many exceptions to this general pattern owing to historical reasons.
See also
Compounds
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Etymology 2
| For pronunciation and definitions of 江 – see 豇 (“cowpea”). (This character, 江, is the second-round simplified form of 豇.) |
Notes:
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Japanese
Kanji
Readings
- Goon: こう (kō, Jōyō)←こう (kou, historical)
- Kan’on: こう (kō, Jōyō)←かう (kau, historical)
- Kan’yōon: ごう (gō)←がう (gau, historical)
- Kun: え (e, 江, Jōyō)←え (e, historical)←𛀁 (𛀁, ancient)
- Nanori: ええ (ee); くん (kun); こ (ko); とうみ (tōmi); のぶ (nobu); み (mi); りえ (rie)
Compounds
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 江 |
| え Grade: S |
| kun’yomi |
/je/ → /e/
From Old Japanese. The ye pronunciation gradually dropped out in Early Middle Japanese, persisting in some dialects and specific terms. For instance, see 
This term was so representative of the ye reading that it lent its shape to the hentaigana 𛀁 (ye).
Pronunciation
Noun
Usage notes
Although 江 (e) was sometimes used generically for a large body of water, it was most often used to indicate the portion of that body of water that extended inland.[2]
Synonyms
Derived terms
Proper noun
- A surname.
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 江 |
| こう Grade: S |
| on’yomi |
/kau/ → /kɔː/ → /koː/
From Middle Chinese 江 (MC kˠʌŋ).
The kan'on reading, so likely a later borrowing.
Pronunciation
Noun
Proper noun
江 (hiragana こう, rōmaji Kō, historical hiragana かう)
- short for 長江 (Chōkō): the Yangtze River
- old name for 琵琶湖 (Biwa-ko): Lake Biwa
- a surname
- a unisex given name
Derived terms
- 江河 (Kōga): the Yangtze River and the Yellow River
Etymology 3
Various nanori readings.
Pronunciation
Proper noun
- a surname
- a unisex given name
References
Korean
Hanja
Compounds
- 江南 (강남, gangnam) : southern of river, distirc south of the Han River
- 江北 (강북, gangbuk) : northern of river, district north of the Han River
- 江山 (강산, gangsan) : river and mountain, landscape
- 江邊 (강변, gangbyeon) : riverside
Vietnamese
Han character
江 (giang, giăng, nhăng, gianh)
- (only in compounds) river