堂皇
Chinese
| (main) hall; large room | emperor; surname | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| simp. and trad. (堂皇) |
堂 | 皇 | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄊㄤˊ ㄏㄨㄤˊ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tangrhwang
- IPA (key): /tʰɑŋ³⁵ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: tong4 wong4
- Yale: tòhng wòhng
- Cantonese Pinyin: tong4 wong4
- Guangdong Romanization: tong4 wong4
- IPA (key): /tʰɔːŋ²¹ wɔːŋ²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tông-hông
- Tâi-lô: tông-hông
- Phofsit Daibuun: donghoong
- IPA (Xiamen): /tɔŋ²⁴⁻²² hɔŋ²⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /tɔŋ²⁴⁻²² hɔŋ²⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /tɔŋ¹³⁻²² hɔŋ¹³/
- IPA (Taipei): /tɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hɔŋ²⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /tɔŋ²³⁻³³ hɔŋ²³/
- (Hokkien)
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 堂 | 皇 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 定 (7) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 唐 (101) | 唐 (102) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Closed |
| Division (等) | I | I |
| Fanqie | 徒郎切 | 胡光切 |
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/dɑŋ/ | /ɦwɑŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/dɑŋ/ | /ɦʷɑŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/dɑŋ/ | /ɣuɑŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/daŋ/ | /ɦwaŋ/ |
| Li Rong |
/dɑŋ/ | /ɣuɑŋ/ |
| Wang Li |
/dɑŋ/ | /ɣuɑŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/dʱɑŋ/ | /ɣwɑŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
táng | huáng |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Character | 堂 | 皇 | 皇 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
táng | huáng | huáng |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ dang › | ‹ hwang › | ‹ hwang › |
| Old Chinese |
/*[d]ˤaŋ/ | /*[ɢ]ʷˤaŋ/ | /*[ɢ]ʷˤaŋ/ |
| English | hall | yellow and white spotted | sovereign |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 堂 | 皇 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 11138 | 12696 |
| Phonetic component |
尚 | 王 |
| Rime group |
陽 | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
唐 | 黃 |
| Old Chinese |
/*daːŋ/ | /*ɡʷaːŋ/ |
| Notes | 禮王制鄭注冕屬，金文象羽冠，王聲；或雲象日射輝則爲暀晃初文 | |
Adjective
堂皇
Noun
堂皇
- large palace
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