ben

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ben"

English

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /bɛn/
  • Rhymes: -ɛn

Etymology 1

From Middle English ben, bene, from Old English bēn (“prayer, request, favor, compulsory service”), from Proto-Germanic *bōniz (“supplication”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂- (“to say”). Related to ban. More at boon.

Alternative forms

Noun

ben (plural bens)

  1. (obsolete) A prayer; a petition.

Etymology 2

From Middle English ben, bene, variation of bin, binne (“within”), from Old English binnan (“within, in, inside of, into”), equivalent to be- +‎ in.

Preposition

ben

  1. (Scotland, Northern England) In, into.
    • 2008, James Kelman, Kieron Smith, Boy, Penguin 2009, page 32:
      And he was waving to me to creep in, so I just did and then just to skip ben the front and then in the lobby.

Adverb

ben (not comparable)

  1. (Scotland, Northern England) inside.

Adjective

ben (comparative benner, superlative benmost)

  1. Inner, interior.
Derived terms
  • ben-end, ben-room

Noun

ben (plural bens)

  1. (Scotland, Northern England) Ben-room: The inner room of a two-room hut or shack (as opposed to the but).
Derived terms
References

Etymology 3

Probably representing a North African pronunciation of Arabic بَان‎ (bān, “ben tree”)

Noun

ben (plural bens)

  1. A tree, Moringa oleifera or horseradish tree of Arabia and India, which produces oil of ben.
  2. The winged seed of the ben tree.
  3. The oil of the ben seed.
Synonyms
Derived terms
  • ben-nut
Translations

Etymology 4

From Arabic بِن‎ (bin) and Hebrew בן‎ (ben, “son”).

Alternative forms

Noun

ben (uncountable)

  1. (usually capitalised) Son of (used with Hebrew and Arabic surnames).
Translations

Etymology 5

Borrowed from Scots ben, benn, from Scottish Gaelic beinn

Noun

ben (plural bens)

  1. A Scottish or Irish mountain or high peak.

Etymology 6

UK C16. Probably from Latin bene or Italian bene.

Adjective

ben (comparative benar, superlative benat)

  1. (obsolete, Britain, thieves' cant) Alternative spelling of bene; good.
    • 1611, Middleton, Thomas, The Roaring Girle‎:
      A gage of ben Rom-bouse, / In a bousing-ken of Rom-vile, / Is benar than a Caster, / Pecke, pennam, lay, or popler, / Which we mill in deuse a vile.
      A pot of good wine, / In a pub of London, / Is better than a cloak, / Meat, bread, milk, or porridge, / Which we steal in the countryside.

Anagrams

Amele

Adjective

ben

  1. big

Noun

ben

  1. a big thing

References

  • Pavol Štekauer, Salvador Valera, Lívia Kőrtvélyessy, Word-Formation in the World's Languages: A Typological Survey (2012)

Catalan

Adverb

ben

  1. Alternative form of bé

Usage notes

The form ben is used when it precedes the adjective, adverb or verb form that it modifies, and bé is used in all other cases.

Danish

Etymology

From Old Norse bein (“bone, leg”), from Proto-Germanic *bainą.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /beːn/, [b̥eːˀn]

Noun

ben n (singular definite benet, plural indefinite ben)

  1. leg
  2. bone

Declension

References

Dutch

Pronunciation

  • Audio(file)
  • Rhymes: -ɛn
  • IPA(key): /bɛn/

Verb

ben

  1. first-person singular present indicative of zijn
  2. (dialectal) imperative of zijn

Usage notes

Ben, as an imperative, is considered non-standard, the standard form being wees.

Synonyms

References

Faroese

Etymology

From Old Norse ben, from Proto-Germanic *banjō.

Noun

ben n (genitive singular bens, plural ben)

  1. wound

Declension

Declension of ben
n3 singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative ben benið ben benini
accusative ben benið ben benini
dative beni beninum benum benunum
genitive bens bensins bena benanna
n22 Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative ben benið ben benini
Accusative ben benið ben benini
Dative beni beninum ben(j)um ben(j)unum
Genitive bens bensins benja benjanna

Noun

ben f (genitive singular benjar, plural benjar)

  1. wound

Declension

f8 Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative ben benin benjar benjarnar
Accusative ben benina benjar benjarnar
Dative ben benini benjum benjunum
Genitive benjar benjarinnar benja benjanna

Derived terms

French

Etymology

Alternative form of bien

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /bɛ̃/

Interjection

ben

  1. Abbreviation of eh bien. Well ; uh

Further reading

Friulian

Etymology

From Latin bene.

Adverb

ben

  1. well
  2. properly, nicely

Antonyms

Noun

ben

  1. good

Galician

Etymology

From Old Portuguese ben, from Latin bene.

Noun

ben m (plural bens)

  1. benefit; welfare
  2. (in the plural) goods
  3. good (the forces that are the enemy of evil)

Antonyms

Adverb

ben

  1. well
  2. very; a lot

Antonyms

Interlingua

Adverb

ben (comparative melio, superlative le melio)

  1. well

Istriot

Etymology

From Latin bene.

Adverb

ben

  1. well

Italian

Adverb

ben

  1. Apocopic form of bene
    ben fatto ― well done

Derived terms

Japanese

Romanization

ben

  1. Rōmaji transcription of べん

Kurdish

Noun

ben ?

  1. string, rope

Derived terms

Ladin

Etymology

From Latin bene.

Adverb

ben (comparative miec)

  1. well
  2. properly

Noun

ben m (plural bens)

  1. (especially in the plural) goods, property

Mandarin

Romanization

ben

  1. Nonstandard spelling of bēn.
  2. Nonstandard spelling of běn.
  3. Nonstandard spelling of bèn.

Usage notes

  • English transcriptions of Mandarin speech often fail to distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without the appropriate indication of tone.

Manx

Etymology

From Old Irish ben, from Proto-Celtic *benā, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷḗn.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /bɛᵈn/

Noun

ben f (genitive singular mreih, plural mraane)

  1. woman

Mutation

Manx mutation
RadicalLenitionEclipsis
benvenmen
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

  • “1 ben” in Dictionary of the Irish Language, Royal Irish Academy, 1913–76.

Middle English

Verb

bēn

  1. to be
    • 1407, The Testimony of William Thorpe, pages 40–41
      And I seide, “Ser, in his tyme maister Ioon Wiclef was holden of ful many men the grettis clerk that thei knewen lyuynge vpon erthe. And therwith he was named, as I gesse worthili, a passing reuli man and an innocent in al his lyuynge. And herfore grete men of kunnynge and other also drowen myche to him, and comownede ofte with him. And thei sauouriden so his loore that thei wroten it bisili and enforsiden hem to rulen hem theraftir… Maister Ion Aston taughte and wroot acordingli and ful bisili, where and whanne and to whom he myghte, and he vsid it himsilf, I gesse, right perfyghtli vnto his lyues eende. Also Filip of Repintoun whilis he was a chanoun of Leycetre, Nycol Herforde, dane Geffrey of Pikeringe, monke of Biland and a maistir dyuynyte, and Ioon Purueye, and manye other whiche weren holden rightwise men and prudent, taughten and wroten bisili this forseide lore of Wiclef, and conformeden hem therto. And with alle these men I was ofte homli and I comownede with hem long tyme and fele, and so bifore alle othir men I chees wilfulli to be enformed bi hem and of hem, and speciali of Wiclef himsilf, as of the moost vertuous and goodlich wise man that I herde of owhere either knew. And herfore of Wicleef speciali and of these men I toke the lore whiche I haue taughte and purpose to lyue aftir, if God wole, to my lyues ende.”

References

Norwegian Bokmål

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Old Norse bein, from Proto-Germanic *bainą.

Noun

ben n (definite singular benet, indefinite plural ben, definite plural bena or benene)

  1. a leg
  2. a bone

References

Old English

Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *bōniz. Cognate with Old Norse bón.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /beːn/

Noun

bēn f (nominative plural bēne or bēna)

  1. prayer, praying
  2. request, entreaty
Declension
Descendants

Etymology 2

From Proto-Germanic *banjō. Cognate with Old Norse ben.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ben/

Noun

ben f

  1. Alternative form of benn

Old French

Adverb

ben

  1. (Anglo-Norman) Alternative form of bien

Old Irish

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /bʲen/

Etymology 1

From Proto-Celtic *benā, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷḗn.

Noun

ben f (genitive mná, nominative plural mná)

  1. woman
Inflection

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

Synonyms
Derived terms
Descendants

Etymology 2

Ultimately from Hebrew בֵּן‎ (ben).

Noun

ben ?

  1. son
Inflection

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

Synonyms

Etymology 3

See etymology on the main entry.

Verb

·ben

  1. third-person singular present indicative conjunct of benaid

Verb

ben

  1. second-person singular imperative of benaid

Mutation

Old Irish mutation
RadicalLenitionNasalization
ben ben
pronounced with /v(ʲ)-/		 mben
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

  • “1 ben” in Dictionary of the Irish Language, Royal Irish Academy, 1913–76.
  • “benaid” in Dictionary of the Irish Language, Royal Irish Academy, 1913–76.

Old Norse

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *banjō.

Noun

ben f (genitive benjar, plural benjar)

  1. mortal wound
  2. small bleeding wound

ben n

  1. wound

Declension

  • bani m (“bane”)
  • benja (“to wound mortally”)

References

  • ben in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press

Old Occitan

Etymology

From Latin bene.

Adjective

ben

  1. well

Descendants

References

Old Saxon

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *bainą. Cognate with Old Frisian bēn (West Frisian bien), Old English bān (English bone), Dutch been (“bone, leg”), Old High German bein (German Bein (“leg”)), Old Norse bein (Icelandic bein (“bone”)).

Noun

bēn n

  1. bone

Descendants

Old Swedish

Etymology

From Old Norse bein, from Proto-Germanic *bainą.

Noun

bēn n

  1. bone
  2. leg

Declension

Descendants

Scots

Etymology 1

From Old English binnan.

Noun

ben (plural bens)

  1. The inner room of a two-room hut or shack (as opposed to the but).

Adjective

ben (comparative benner, superlative benmaist)

  1. Inner, interior.

Preposition

ben

  1. Through, in, into (a dwelling).
    I went ben the room.

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Scottish Gaelic beinn.

Noun

ben (plural bens)

  1. mountain, hill

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish بڭ‎ (beñ).

Noun

ben m (Cyrillic spelling бен)

  1. (regional) birthmark
  2. (regional) mole
  3. (regional) naevus

Synonyms

Swedish

Etymology

From Old Swedish bēn, from Old Norse bein, from Proto-Germanic *bainą.

Pronunciation

  • audio(file)
  • IPA(key): /ˈbeːn/

Noun

ben n

  1. (anatomy) Leg; a body part.
  2. Leg; part of trousers which covers the legs.
  3. The part of a piece furniture on which it stands.
  4. (anatomy) Bone; any of the components of an endoskeleton.
  5. (anatomy) Bone; the material of the endoskeleton

Declension

Declension of ben 
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative ben benet ben benen
Genitive bens benets bens benens

References

Turkish

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /bɛn/, /bæn/
  • Hyphenation: ben

Etymology 1

From Ottoman Turkish بن‎ (ben, “I”), from Proto-Turkic *ben, from oblique case of *bẹ (“I”).[1]

Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰢𐰤‎ (men), 𐰋𐰤‎ (ben, “I”), Azerbaijani mən, Bashkir мин (min), Chuvash эпӗ (epĕ), Kazakh мен (men), Kyrgyz мен (men), Turkmen men.

Possibly related to Mongolian би (bi, “I”), Manchu ᠪᡳ (bi, “I”).[2]

Pronoun

ben

  1. I
Usage notes
  • It is one of the two words that have irregular dative case declension. (The other word is "sen").
  • It is one of the two words that have irregular genitive case declension. (The other word is "biz").
Declension
See also

Noun

ben (definite accusative beni, plural biz)

  1. (psychology) ego
Derived terms

Etymology 2

From Ottoman Turkish بك‎ (beŋ, “mole”), from Proto-Turkic *beŋ (“mole on the face”).[3]

Cognate with Old Turkic [script needed] (meŋ), Bashkir миң (miñ), Kyrgyz мең (meñ), Turkmen meň, Yakut мэҥ (meŋ). Also compare Mongolian мэнгэ (menge, “mole, birthmark”).

Noun

ben (definite accusative beni, plural benler)

  1. birthmark, mole
Declension
Inflection
Nominative ben
Definite accusative beni
Singular Plural
Nominative ben benler
Definite accusative beni benleri
Dative bene benlere
Locative bende benlerde
Ablative benden benlerden
Genitive benin benlerin
Derived terms
  • benli
  • bensiz
See also

References

  1. ↑ Starostin, Sergei; Dybo, Anna; Mudrak, Oleg (2003), “*bẹ-”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
  2. ↑ Janhunen, Juha (2013), “Personal pronouns in Core Altaic”, in Shared Grammaticalization: With Special Focus on the Transeurasian Languages‎, page 221
  3. ↑ Starostin, Sergei; Dybo, Anna; Mudrak, Oleg (2003), “*beŋ”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill

Venetian

Etymology

From Latin bene.

Adverb

ben

  1. well

Derived terms

Volapük

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin bene.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ben]

Noun

ben (plural bens)

  1. (sense of) well-being, welfare, being well, wellness

Declension

Derived terms

Welsh

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /bɛn/

Noun

ben

  1. Soft mutation of pen.

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radicalsoftnasalaspirate
pen ben mhen phen
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.
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