barr

See also: Barr, barr-, bàrr, bárr, bärr, and Bärr

Icelandic

Etymology

From Old Norse barr.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /parː/
Rhymes: -arː

Noun

barr n (genitive singular barrs, no plural)

pine needles

Declension

declension of barr

	indefinite	definite
n-s	singular
nominative	barr	barrið
accusative	barr	barrið
dative	barri	barrinu
genitive	barrs	barrsins

Derived terms

Terms derived from barr

barrfinka (“siskin”)
barrskógur

barrspæta (“great spotted woodpecker”)
barrtré (“conifer”)

barrviður

Irish

Alternative forms

bárr (obsolete)

Pronunciation

(Munster, Connacht) IPA^(key): /bˠɑːɾˠ/
(Ulster) IPA^(key): /bˠæːɾˠ/

Etymology 1

From Old Irish barr (“top, tip, end; crop, produce”), from Proto-Celtic *barros (compare Middle Welsh barr).

Noun

barr m (genitive singular bairr or barr, nominative plural barra)

Declension

Declension of barr

First declension

Bare forms:

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	barr	ba
Vocative	a bhairr	a bharra
Genitive	bairr	barr
Dative	barr	ba

Forms with the definite article:

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	an barr	na ba
Genitive	an bhairr	na mbarr
Dative	leis an mbarr don bharr	leis na ba

Alternative declension

Declension of barr

Fourth declension

Bare forms

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	barr	barra
Vocative	a bharr	a bharra
Genitive	barr	barra
Dative	barr	barra

Forms with the definite article

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	an barr	na barra
Genitive	an bharr	na mbarra
Dative	leis an mbarr don bharr	leis na barra

Derived terms

Terms derived from barr

ar barr do theanga, do ghoib (“on the tip of one’s tongue”)
ar bharr (“on top of; completely”)
bain barr de (“vie with”, verb)
barr-¹ (“outstanding, extraordinary”)
barr-² (“-topped”)
barr ar (“in excess of”)
barr bua (“supremacy, victory”)
barr cátha (“oat-husk tea”)
barr láin, barr taoide (“high tide”)
barr margaidh (“cash crop”)

beir barr (“surpass, overcome”, verb)
bun agus barr (“the whole essence”)
bun barr (“completely”)
cé dhá bharr? (“why?”)
dá bharr (“gained”)
dá bharr sin (“consequently”)
de bharr (“because of”)
de bharr ar (“in addition to; in preference to”)
de bharr go (“because”)
dul i mbarr (“deprive”, verb)

i mbarr d’anama (“with all one’s strength”)
i mbarr do chéille (“out of one’s senses”)
ó bhun go barr (“completely, from top to bottom”)
príomhbharr (“main crop”)
tabhair ar barr (“bring up, mention”, verb)
tabhair barr (“surpass, excel”, verb)
thar barr (“excellent, exceedingly”)
thar barr amach (“outright, completely”)
uchtbharr (“parapet”)

Related terms

cafarr (“helmet, headpiece; kerchief”)

Verb

barr (present analytic barrann, future analytic barrfaidh, verbal noun barradh, past participle barrtha)

(transitive) top; surpass
(transitive, of nail) clinch

Conjugation

First Conjugation (A)

		singular			plural			relative	autonomous
		first	second	third	first	second	third	relative	autonomous
indicative	present	barraim	barrann tú; barrair^†	barrann sé, sí	barraimid	barrann sibh	barrann siad; barraid^†	a bharrann; a bharras / a mbarrann; a mbarras	barrtar
	past	bharr mé; bharras	bharr tú; bharrais	bharr sé, sí	bharramar; bharr muid	bharr sibh; bharrabhair	bharr siad; bharradar	a bharr / ar bharr*	barradh
	past habitual	bharrainn	bharrtá	bharradh sé, sí	bharraimis; bharradh muid	bharradh sibh	bharraidís; bharradh siad	a bharradh / ar bharradh*	bharrtaí
	future	barrfaidh mé; barrfad	barrfaidh tú; barrfair^†	barrfaidh sé, sí	barrfaimid; barrfaidh muid	barrfaidh sibh	barrfaidh siad; barrfaid^†	a bharrfaidh; a bharrfas / a mbarrfaidh; a mbarrfas	barrfar
conditional		bharrfainn	bharrfá	bharrfadh sé, sí	bharrfaimis; bharrfadh muid	bharrfadh sibh	bharrfaidís; bharrfadh siad	a bharrfadh / ar bharrfadh*	bharrfaí
subjunctive	present	go mbarra mé; go mbarrad^†	go mbarra tú; go mbarrair^†	go mbarra sé, sí	go mbarraimid; go mbarra muid	go mbarra sibh	go mbarra siad; go mbarraid^†	—	go mbarrtar
subjunctive	past	dá mbarrainn	dá mbarrtá	dá mbarradh sé, sí	dá mbarraimis; dá mbarradh muid	dá mbarradh sibh	dá mbarraidís; dá mbarradh siad	—	dá mbarrtaí
imperative		barraim	barr	barradh sé, sí	barraimis	barraigí; barraidh^†	barraidís	—	barrtar
verbal noun		barradh
past participle		barrtha

* Indirect relative
† Archaic or dialect form

Etymology 2

Compare English bar.

Noun

barr m (genitive singular bairr)

bar, hindrance

Declension

Declension of barr

First declension

Bare forms (no plural of this noun)

Case	Singular
Nominative	barr
Vocative	a bhairr
Genitive	bairr
Dative	barr

Forms with the definite article:

Case	Singular
Nominative	an barr
Genitive	an bhairr
Dative	leis an mbarr don bharr

Verb

barr (present analytic barrann, future analytic barrfaidh, verbal noun barradh, past participle barrtha)

(transitive) bar, hinder

Conjugation

First Conjugation (A)

		singular			plural			relative	autonomous
		first	second	third	first	second	third	relative	autonomous
indicative	present	barraim	barrann tú; barrair^†	barrann sé, sí	barraimid	barrann sibh	barrann siad; barraid^†	a bharrann; a bharras / a mbarrann; a mbarras	barrtar
	past	bharr mé; bharras	bharr tú; bharrais	bharr sé, sí	bharramar; bharr muid	bharr sibh; bharrabhair	bharr siad; bharradar	a bharr / ar bharr*	barradh
	past habitual	bharrainn	bharrtá	bharradh sé, sí	bharraimis; bharradh muid	bharradh sibh	bharraidís; bharradh siad	a bharradh / ar bharradh*	bharrtaí
	future	barrfaidh mé; barrfad	barrfaidh tú; barrfair^†	barrfaidh sé, sí	barrfaimid; barrfaidh muid	barrfaidh sibh	barrfaidh siad; barrfaid^†	a bharrfaidh; a bharrfas / a mbarrfaidh; a mbarrfas	barrfar
conditional		bharrfainn	bharrfá	bharrfadh sé, sí	bharrfaimis; bharrfadh muid	bharrfadh sibh	bharrfaidís; bharrfadh siad	a bharrfadh / ar bharrfadh*	bharrfaí
subjunctive	present	go mbarra mé; go mbarrad^†	go mbarra tú; go mbarrair^†	go mbarra sé, sí	go mbarraimid; go mbarra muid	go mbarra sibh	go mbarra siad; go mbarraid^†	—	go mbarrtar
subjunctive	past	dá mbarrainn	dá mbarrtá	dá mbarradh sé, sí	dá mbarraimis; dá mbarradh muid	dá mbarradh sibh	dá mbarraidís; dá mbarradh siad	—	dá mbarrtaí
imperative		barraim	barr	barradh sé, sí	barraimis	barraigí; barraidh^†	barraidís	—	barrtar
verbal noun		barradh
past participle		barrtha

* Indirect relative
† Archaic or dialect form

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Eclipsis
barr	bharr	mbarr
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Middle Welsh

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *barros (compare Irish barr), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰers-.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /bar/

Noun

barr m (plural barriau)

top
summit, crest

Mutation

Middle Welsh mutation
Radical	Soft	Nasal	Aspirate
barr	uarr / varr	marr	unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Old Norse

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *baraz.

Noun

barr n

acicular leaves, needles (of the fir or pine)
barley

Derived terms

Terms derived from barr

barraxlaðr (“high-shouldered, with sharp, prominent shoulderbones”)

barrviðr (“pine-forrest; the wood of the fir”)

Descendants

Faroese: barr
Icelandic: barr
Norwegian Nynorsk: bar
Swedish: barr

References

barr in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
Entry "barr" on page 43 in: Geir T. Zoëga "A Concise Dictionary of Old Islandic", Oxford at the Claredon Press (1910).

Romani

Noun

barr m (plural barr)

stone

Derived terms

Terms derived from barr

barrari

barruno

Swedish

Etymology

From Old Norse barr.

Noun

barr n

needle; leaf of a coniferous tree
(dated, slang, uncountable) hair

Declension

Declension of barr
	Singular		Plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Nominative	barr	barret	barr	barren
Genitive	barrs	barrets	barrs	barrens

Related terms

Terms related to barr

barra

granbarr

tallbarr

Noun

barr c

(gymnastics) parallel bars

Declension

Declension of barr
	Singular		Plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Nominative	barr	barren	barrar	barrarna
Genitive	barrs	barrens	barrars	barrarnas

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barr

Icelandic

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Derived terms

Irish

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Noun

Declension

Derived terms

Related terms

Verb

Conjugation

Etymology 2

Noun

Declension

Verb

Conjugation

Mutation

Further reading

Middle Welsh

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Mutation

Old Norse

Etymology

Noun

Derived terms

Descendants

References

Romani

Noun

Derived terms

Swedish

Etymology

Noun

Declension

Related terms

See also

Noun

Declension