See also:
U+93E1, 鏡
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-93E1

[U+93E0]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+93E2]

Translingual

Han character

(radical 167, +11, 19 strokes, cangjie input 金卜廿山 (CYTU), four-corner 80116, composition)

References

  • KangXi: page 1320, character 10
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40812
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1820, character 5
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 6, page 4250, character 10
  • Unihan data for U+93E1

Chinese

trad.
simp.
alt. forms ⿰钅井 second round simplified

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
*ɡaŋʔ
*kraŋʔ
*kraŋs
*kraŋs
*kraŋs
*ɡraŋ
*qraŋʔ
*qraŋʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kraŋs) : semantic  + phonetic  (OC *kraŋs).

Etymology

Unknown. Various hypotheses exist:

  • Derived from (OC *raŋs, “to shine”) with the nominalising *k- prefix (Schuessler, 2007; apud Baxter, p.c.);
  • Cognate with (OC *kraŋʔ, “bright”) (Schuessler, 2007);
  • Re-etymologisation of the nearly identical earlier word (OC *kraːms), (OC *kraːms, “mirror”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation


Note:
  • kèng - literary;
  • kiàⁿ - vernacular.

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (28)
Final () (111)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kˠiæŋH/
Pan
Wuyun
/kᵚiaŋH/
Shao
Rongfen
/kiaŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kiajŋH/
Li
Rong
/kiɐŋH/
Wang
Li
/kĭɐŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ki̯ɐŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
jìng
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
jìng
Middle
Chinese
‹ kjængH ›
Old
Chinese
/*C.qraŋʔ-s/
English mirror

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 6870
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*kraŋs/

Definitions

  1. mirror; reflecting glass
  2. to mirror; to reflect
  3. to perceive; to observe clearly
  4. to use for reference; to draw lessons from
  5. clear
  6. (physics) lens; -scope
  7. spectacles; glasses
  8. A surname.

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 鏡子 (“mirror”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 鏡子
Mandarin Beijing 鏡子
Taiwan 鏡子
Harbin 鏡子
Jinan 鏡子
Muping 鏡子
Luoyang 鏡子
Jiedian 鏡子
Xi'an 鏡兒
Xining 鏡兒
Yinchuan 鏡子
Lanzhou 鏡子
Ürümqi 鏡子
Wuhan 鏡子
Chengdu 鏡子
Guiyang 鏡子
Liuzhou 鏡子
Yangzhou 鏡子
Nanjing 鏡子
Hefei 鏡子
Cantonese Guangzhou
Hong Kong
Dongguan
Hong Kong (Weitou)
Taishan
Yangjiang
Gan Nanchang 鏡子
Lichuan
Pingxiang 鏡子
Hakka Meixian 鏡仔
Yudu 鏡子
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 鏡仔
Liudui (S. Sixian) 鏡仔
Hsinchu (Hailu) 鏡仔
Dongshi (Dabu)
Zhuolan (Raoping) 鏡仔
Yunlin (Zhao'an)
Hong Kong
Huizhou Jixi
Jin Taiyuan 鏡兒、鏡子
Xinzhou 鏡兒
Min Bei Jian'ou
Min Dong Fuzhou
Matsu
Min Nan Xiamen
Quanzhou
Zhangzhou
Taipei
Penang
Philippines (Manila)
Chaozhou
Shantou
Haikou
Leizhou
Pinghua Nanning
Wu Shanghai 鏡子
Suzhou 鏡子
Hangzhou 鏡子
Wenzhou 、玻璃鏡
Chongming 鏡子
Danyang 鏡子
Jinhua
Ningbo 鏡子
Xiang Changsha 鏡子
Shuangfeng 鏡子
Loudi 鏡子
Dialectal synonyms of 眼鏡 (“eyeglasses”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 靉靆眼鏡
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 眼鏡
Mandarin Beijing 眼鏡兒
Taiwan 眼鏡
Tianjin 眼鏡兒
Harbin 眼鏡兒鏡子
Jinan 眼鏡子、鏡子
Muping 眼鏡
Luoyang 眼鏡兒、二餅兒 derogatory
Jiedian 眼鏡鏡子 dated、二柄子 derogatory
Xi'an 眼鏡
Xining 眼鏡兒、眼鏡兒子
Xuzhou 二餅 humorous
Yinchuan 眼鏡
Lanzhou 眼鏡子、鏡子、二軲轆 humorous
Ürümqi 眼鏡子、鏡子
Wuhan 眼鏡鏡子 dated玻璃 humorous
Chengdu 眼鏡兒眼鏡
Guiyang 眼鏡
Liuzhou 眼鏡
Yangzhou 眼鏡子
Nanjing 眼鏡、二餅 humorous
Cantonese Guangzhou 眼鏡
Hong Kong 眼鏡
Dongguan 眼鏡、二文錢 dated
Taishan 眼鏡
Gan Nanchang 眼鏡子
Lichuan 眼鏡
Pingxiang 眼鏡
Hakka Meixian 目鏡眼鏡
Yudu 眼鏡
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 目鏡、眼枷仔
Liudui (S. Sixian) 目鏡眼鏡、眼架仔
Hsinchu (Hailu) 目鏡
Dongshi (Dabu) 目鏡
Zhuolan (Raoping) 目鏡
Yunlin (Zhao'an) 目鏡
Huizhou Jixi 眼鏡
Jin Taiyuan 眼鏡
Xinzhou 眼鏡、二餅子 derogatory
Min Dong Fuzhou 眼鏡
Fuqing 眼鏡
Matsu 眼鏡
Min Nan Xiamen 目鏡
Quanzhou 目鏡
Zhangzhou 目鏡
Taipei 目鏡
Kaohsiung 目鏡
Tainan 目鏡
Taichung 目鏡
Wuqi 目鏡
Hsinchu 目鏡
Taitung 目鏡
Lukang 目鏡
Yilan 目鏡
Magong 目鏡
Penang 目鏡
Singapore 目鏡
Philippines (Manila) 目鏡
Chaozhou 目鏡
Shantou 目鏡
Haikou 目鏡
Leizhou 目鏡
Pinghua Nanning 眼鏡、眼加
Wu Shanghai 眼鏡、托力克
Suzhou 眼鏡
Hangzhou 眼鏡兒
Wenzhou 眼鏡、眼視鏡
Chongming 眼鏡
Danyang 眼鏡子
Jinhua 眼鏡
Ningbo 蔡眼
Xiang Loudi 眼鏡

Compounds

Descendants

Sino-Xenic ():
  • Japanese:  (きょう) (kyō)
  • Korean: (, gyeong)
  • Vietnamese: kính ()

Others:


Japanese

Kanji

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. mirror
  2. speculum

Readings

Compounds

Etymology

Kanji in this term
かがみ
Grade: 4
kun’yomi

Originally a compound of (kaga, shadow; outline; figure; image, ancient combining form of modern reading kage) + (mi, seeing, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, stem or continuative form) of verb 見る miru, “to see, to look at”, cognate with me, “eye”).[1][2]

Pronunciation

Alternative forms

Noun

(hiragana かがみ, rōmaji kagami)

  1. a mirror (smooth reflecting surface)
    • c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 14, poem 3468)[3], text here
       () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () () [Man'yōgana]
      山鳥 (やまどり) ()ろのはつをに (かがみ) () (とな)ふべみこそ () ()そりけめ [Modern spelling]
      yamadori no oro no hatsuo ni kagami kake tonau bemi koso na ni yoserikeme
      (please add an English translation of this example)
    • 1999 March 6, ミラージュ [Mirage]”, in Starter Boxスターターボックス (in Japanese), Konami:
       ()にする (かがみ)から (なか) () () ()すことのできる (とり)のけもの。
      Te ni suru kagami kara nakama o yobidasu koto no dekiru tori no kemono.
      An avian beast that can call upon its companions from inside the mirror in its hands.
    • 1999 July 22, アブソリューター [Absolutor]”, in Vol.4 (in Japanese), Konami:
       (あい) () (かがみ) (なか) () (かい) () ()むことができる。
      Aite o kagami no naka no sekai ni suikomu koto ga dekiru.
      It can suck opponents into the world inside the mirror.
  2. (Noh) the panel at the back of a Noh stage that is painted with an image of an old pine tree
  3. the barrelhead or lid of a saké barrel
     () (のう) (かがみ) ()いた。
    Kinō, kagami o nuita.
    They removed the barrelhead yesterday. → They opened the saké barrel yesterday.

Idioms

Derived terms

Proper noun

(hiragana かがみ, rōmaji Kagami)

  1. A place name
  2. A surname.
  3. A female given name

References

  1. 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. 1 2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. Satake, Akihiro; Hideo Yamada; Rikio Kudō; Masao Ōtani; Yoshiyuki Yamazaki (c. 759) Shin Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei 3: Man’yōshū 3 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 2002, →ISBN.

Korean

Hanja

(gyeong) (hangeul , revised gyeong, McCuneReischauer kyŏng, Yale kyeng)

  1. mirror
  2. lens
  3. glass
  4. glasses

Okinawan

Etymology

Cognate with mainland Japanese (kagami, mirror), itself derived as a compound of (kaga, shadow; outline; image, ancient combining form of modern reading kage) + (mi, seeing, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, stem or continuative form) of verb 見る miru, “to see, to look at”, cognate with me, “eye”).

Kanji

(hiragana かがん, romaji kagan)

Noun

(hiragana かがん, romaji kagan)

  1. mirror

Vietnamese

Han character

(kính, kẻng, gương, kiếng)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Yonaguni

Etymology

Cognate with mainland Japanese (kagami, mirror), itself derived as a compound of (kaga, shadow; outline; image, ancient combining form of modern reading kage) + (mi, seeing, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, stem or continuative form) of verb 見る miru, “to see, to look at”, cognate with me, “eye”).

Kanji

(hiragana かか゚ん, romaji kaŋan)

Noun

(hiragana かか゚ん, romaji kaŋan)

  1. mirror
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