玻璃

Chinese

		phonetic
simp. and trad. (玻璃)		玻	璃

Etymology

Borrowed from Pali phalika (“crystal”), from Sanskrit स्फटिक (sphaṭika). Cognate with Thai ผลึก (pà-lʉ̀k, “crystal”), Lao ຜະລຶກ (pha lưk), ຜະລິກະ (pha li ka), Khmer ផលិក (phɑlɨk).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): bōli, bōlí, bōlí

(Zhuyin): ㄅㄛ ˙ㄌㄧ, ㄅㄛㄌㄧˊ, ㄅㄛㄌㄧˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): bo¹ lei^4-1, bo¹ lei⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): pô-lì
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): po-lê

(Teochew, Peng'im): bo¹ li⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)⁺
  - Pinyin: bōli
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄛ ˙ㄌㄧ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bo.lhi
  - IPA ^(key): /pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ li²/
- (Standard Chinese, dated variant in Mainland)⁺
  - Pinyin: bōlí → bōli (toneless final syllable variant)
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄛㄌㄧˊ → ㄅㄛ ˙ㄌㄧ (toneless final syllable variant)
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bo.li
  - IPA ^(key): /pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ li³⁵/ → /pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ li²/
- (Standard Chinese, common variant in Taiwan)⁺
  - Pinyin: bōlí
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄛㄌㄧˊ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: boli
  - IPA ^(key): /pu̯ɔ⁵⁵ li³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: bo¹ lei^4-1, bo¹ lei⁴
  - Yale: bō lēi, bō lèih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: bo¹ lei^4-1, bo¹ lei⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: bo¹ léi¹, bo¹ léi⁴
  - IPA ^(key): /pɔː⁵⁵ lei̯²¹⁻⁵⁵/, /pɔː⁵⁵ lei̯²¹/

Note: bo1 lei4 - literary, rare.

Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pô-lì
  - Hakka Romanization System: bo´ liˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: bo¹ li²
  - IPA: /po²⁴ li¹¹/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: po-lê
  - Tâi-lô: po-lê
  - Phofsit Daibuun: poilee
  - IPA (Xiamen): /po⁴⁴⁻²² le²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /po³³ le²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /po⁴⁴⁻²² le¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /po⁴⁴⁻³³ le²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /pɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ le²³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: bo¹ li⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: po lî
  - IPA ^(key): /po³³⁻²³ li⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: /pʰuɑ liᴇ/▼

Rime
Character	玻	璃
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	滂 (2)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	戈 (95)	支 (11)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	滂禾切	呂支切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pʰuɑ/	/liᴇ/
Pan Wuyun	/pʰuɑ/	/liɛ/
Shao Rongfen	/pʰuɑ/	/ljɛ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pʰwa/	/liə̆/
Li Rong	/pʰuɑ/	/lie/
Wang Li	/pʰuɑ/	/lǐe/
Bernard Karlgren	/pʰuɑ/	/lie̯/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	pō	lí

Noun

玻璃

glass (Classifier: 張／张 m; 塊／块 m)
generic term for any film material with glass-like transparency, such as cellophane, nylon, plastic, etc. (Classifier: 張／张 m; 塊／块 m)
(slang) gay

Synonyms

(glass): 琉璃 (liúlí)

Derived terms

Derived terms from 玻璃

光學玻璃／光学玻璃
吸熱玻璃／吸热玻璃
吹玻璃
塑膠玻璃／塑胶玻璃
安全玻璃
嵌玻璃
強化玻璃／强化玻璃
彩繪玻璃／彩绘玻璃 (cǎihuì bōli)
彩色玻璃 (cǎisè bōli)
擋風玻璃／挡风玻璃 (dǎngfēng bōlí)
有機玻璃／有机玻璃 (yǒujī bōlí)
有色玻璃 (yǒusè bōli)
毛玻璃
水晶心肝玻璃人
水玻璃 (shuǐbōli)
泡沫玻璃
火玻璃
玻璃圈
玻璃天花板 (bōli tiānhuābǎn)
玻璃小鞋
玻璃布
玻璃帷幕
玻璃心 (bōlixīn)
玻璃心肝
玻璃杯 (bōlibēi)
玻璃泉

玻璃浮雕
玻璃液
玻璃烤
玻璃版 (bōlibǎn)
玻璃狀態／玻璃状态
玻璃畫／玻璃画
玻璃磚／玻璃砖
玻璃窗
玻璃粉
玻璃紙／玻璃纸 (bōlizhǐ)
玻璃絲／玻璃丝
玻璃絲襪／玻璃丝袜 (bōli sīwà)
玻璃纖維／玻璃纤维
玻璃質肥料／玻璃质肥料
玻璃鋼／玻璃钢 (bōlígāng)
玻璃骨 (bōlígǔ)
玻璃體／玻璃体 (bōlitǐ)
石英玻璃
硬玻璃
硼玻璃
磨砂玻璃
結晶玻璃／结晶玻璃
花窗玻璃 (huāchuāng bōli)
鈷玻璃／钴玻璃
鉛玻璃／铅玻璃
鋼化玻璃／钢化玻璃 (gānghuà bōli)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (玻璃):

Japanese: 玻 (は)璃 (り) (hari)
Korean: 파리 (玻璃, pari)
Vietnamese: pha li (玻璃)

Others:

→ Vietnamese: pha lê

References

Duffus, William, “glass” (p. 123) in English-Chinese Vocabulary of the Vernacular or Spoken Language of Swatow, English Presbyterian Mission Press, 1883.
A Dictionary of Current Chinese Ed 7 (现代汉语词典) page 98

Japanese

Kanji in this term
玻	璃
は Hyōgaiji	り Grade: S
on’yomi

Pronunciation

On’yomi
- (Tokyo) はり [háꜜrì] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
- IPA^(key): [ha̠ɾʲi]

Noun

玻璃 (hiragana はり, rōmaji hari)

glass, crystal

Synonyms

(more common) 硝子 (ガラス) (garasu): glass
クリスタル (kurisutaru) (kurisutaru): crystal

Derived terms

玻 (は)璃 (り)器 (き) (hariki)
玻 (は)璃 (り)鏡 (きょう) (harikyō)
玻璃質 (はりしつ) (harishitsu)
玻璃長石 (はりちょうせき) (harichōseki)
玻 (は)璃 (り)版 (ばん) (hariban)

References

↑ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

[DJR-1] 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN