境

境 U+5883, 境
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5883
← 墂
[U+5882] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 墄 →
[U+5884]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

境 (radical 32, 土+11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 土卜廿山 (GYTU), four-corner 40116, composition ⿰土竟)

References

  • KangXi: page 237, character 17
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5409
  • Dae Jaweon: page 475, character 23
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 482, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+5883

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 境
alt. forms 㘫 second round simplified

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 境
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (竟) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
滰 *ɡaŋʔ
境 *kraŋʔ
竟 *kraŋs
鏡 *kraŋs
獍 *kraŋs
樈 *ɡraŋ
璄 *qraŋʔ
摬 *qraŋʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kraŋʔ) : semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 竟 (OC *kraŋs).

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 境
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 庚 (111)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 居影切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kˠiæŋX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kᵚiaŋX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kiaŋX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kiajŋX/
Li
Rong		 /kiɐŋX/
Wang
Li		 /kĭɐŋX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ki̯ɐŋX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 jǐng
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 境
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 jǐng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ kjængX ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[k]raŋʔ/
English boundary

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 境
Reading # 1/1
No. 6868
Phonetic
component		 竟
Rime
group		 陽
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 警
Old
Chinese		 /*kraŋʔ/

Definitions

境

  1. border; boundary; frontier
  2. place; area; region
  3. condition; situation

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

境

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
境
きょう
Grade: 5
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 境 (kjængX).

Pronunciation

Noun

境 (hiragana きょう, rōmaji kyō, historical hiragana きやう)

  1. region, environment
  2. mental state
  3. (Buddhism) something that can be perceived with the mind or senses

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
境
さかい
Grade: 5
kun’yomi

/sakapi/ → /sakaɸi/ → /sakahi/ → /sakai/

The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of obsolete verb 境う (sakau, “to divide, to form a boundary between things”).[2][1]

Some sources[2] further derive the verb as Old Japanese element 境 (saka, “division, border, boundary”) + auxiliary verb ふ (fu) indicating repetition or ongoing state. However, given the semantics, this could also be analyzed as the repetitive or ongoing aspect of Old Japanese-derived verb saku with an underlying meaning of “to split apart, to separate, to put distance between”, spelled variously as 割く, 裂く, 離く, or 放く, and cognate with 咲く (saku, “to bloom”, from the idea of the blooms splitting open), 栄える (sakaeru, “to prosper”, extended from the bloom sense), 盛ん (sakan, “prospering, fluorishing”).

Pronunciation

Alternative forms

  • 界 (less common)

Noun

境 (hiragana さかい, rōmaji sakai, historical hiragana さかひ)

  1. border, boundary, limits

Proper noun

境 (hiragana さかい, rōmaji Sakai, historical hiragana さかひ)

  1. A surname​.

References

  1. 1 2 3 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. 1 2 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan

Korean

Hanja

境 • (gyeong) (hangeul 경, revised gyeong, McCune–Reischauer kyŏng)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

境 (cảnh)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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