亮

See also: 𠅙

亮	U+4EAE, 亮 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4EAE

← 亭
[U+4EAD]

CJK Unified Ideographs

亯 →
[U+4EAF]

亮	U+F977, 亮 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F977

← 略
[U+F976]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs

兩 →
[U+F978]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

亮 (radical 8 亠+7, 9 strokes, cangjie input 卜口月山 (YRBU), four-corner 0021₇, composition ⿱⿳亠口冖几(G) or ⿱⿳亠口冖儿(HTJK or U+F977))

Derived characters

𬾻, 喨, 湸, 𫮌, 𫱍, 𢝋, 𪱧, 𭦾, 𪳄, 煷, 𤦻, 𭿏, 𮎝, 𮖞, 𭀴, 𭧓, 𮛽, 𨩎, 𭿧, 𩹗

References

KangXi: page 89, character 4
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 304
Dae Jaweon: page 188, character 10
Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 286, character 3
Unihan data for U+4EAE

Unihan data for U+F977

Chinese

simp. and trad.		亮
alt. forms		𠅙

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 亮

**Bronze inscriptions**
b13614	b13615

**Small seal script**
s06359

**Transcribed ancient scripts**
L37007	L37008	L37009	L24090	L24091	L24092	L24093	L24094
L24095	L24096	L24097

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Ideogrammic compound (會意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *raŋs) : semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 京 (OC *kraŋ, “building; tower”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): liàng (liang⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄤˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): loeng⁶
Gan (Wiktionary): liong⁵
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): liong
Jin (Wiktionary): lion³
Min Nan (POJ): liōng / liāng
Wu (Wiktionary): lian (T3)
Xiang (Wiktionary): lian⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: liàng
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄤˋ
  - Wade–Giles: liang⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lianq
  - IPA ^(key): /li̯ɑŋ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: loeng⁶
  - Yale: leuhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: loeng⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: lêng⁶
  - IPA ^(key): /lœːŋ²²/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: liong⁵
  - IPA ^(key): /liɔŋ¹¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: liong
  - Hakka Romanization System: liong
  - Hagfa Pinyim: liong⁴
  - IPA: /li̯oŋ⁵⁵/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: lion³
  - IPA (old-style): /liɒ̃⁴⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liōng
  - Tâi-lô: liōng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: liong
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /liɔŋ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /liɔŋ²²/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /liɔŋ³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liāng
  - Tâi-lô: liāng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: liang
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /liaŋ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /liaŋ³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /liaŋ²²/

Note:

Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taiwan:
- liōng - literary;
- liāng - vernacular.

Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: lian (T3)
  - IPA ^(key): /liã²³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: lian⁵
  - IPA ^(key): /liæn²¹/

Dialectal data▼

Variety	Location	edit 亮
Mandarin	Beijing	/liɑŋ⁵¹/
	Harbin	/liaŋ⁵³/
	Tianjin	/liɑŋ⁵³/
	Jinan	/liaŋ²¹/
	Qingdao	/liaŋ⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/liaŋ³¹²/
	Xi'an	/liaŋ⁴⁴/
	Xining	/liɔ̃²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/liɑŋ¹³/
	Lanzhou	/liɑ̃¹³/
	Ürümqi	/liɑŋ²¹³/
	Wuhan	/niaŋ³⁵/
	Chengdu	/niaŋ¹³/
	Guiyang	/niaŋ²¹³/
	Kunming	/liã̠²¹²/
	Nanjing	/liaŋ⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/liɑ̃⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/liɒ̃⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/liɑŋ³⁵/ /luə³⁵/
	Hohhot	/liɑ̃⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/liã²³/
	Suzhou	/liã³¹/
	Hangzhou	/liɑŋ¹³/
	Wenzhou	/li²²/
Hui	Shexian	/lia²²/
Hui	Tunxi	/liau¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/lian⁵⁵/ /lian¹¹/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/nian²¹/
Gan	Nanchang	/liɔŋ²¹/
Hakka	Meixian	/lioŋ⁵³/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/lioŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/lœŋ²²/
	Nanning	/lœŋ²²/
	Hong Kong	/lœŋ²²/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/liɔŋ²²/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/luɔŋ²⁴²/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/liɔŋ⁴⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/liaŋ³⁵/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/liaŋ³⁵/

Middle Chinese: /lɨɐŋ^H/▼

Rime
Character	亮
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	力讓切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɨɐŋ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/liɐŋ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/liɑŋ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lɨaŋ^H/
Li Rong	/liaŋ^H/
Wang Li	/lĭaŋ^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/li̯aŋ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	liàng

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]aŋ-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*raŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	亮
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	liàng
Middle Chinese	‹ ljang^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[r]aŋ-s/
English	brightness
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	亮
Reading #	1/1
No.	8062
Phonetic component	亮
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	亮
Old Chinese	/*raŋs/

Definitions

亮

bright; brilliant; radiant
loud and clear
(dialectal Mandarin, dialectal Wu, Xiang) lamp; light
to shine; to illuminate

天色已暗啦　星星也亮啦 [MSC, trad. and simp.]
From: 張露 (lyricist 秦冠), 《小小羊兒要回家》
tiānsè yǐ àn la; xīngxing yě liàng la [Pinyin]
The sky has already darkened, and the stars have begun to show
to make one's voice loud and clear; to raise one's voice
to reveal; to disclose

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 亮 (“bright”) [map]
Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		亮
Mandarin	Beijing	亮
	Taiwan	亮
	Jinan	亮
	Xi'an	亮
	Wuhan	亮、光
	Chengdu	亮
	Yangzhou	亮
	Hefei	亮
Cantonese	Guangzhou	光
	Hong Kong	光
	Yangjiang	光
Hakka	Meixian	光
Jin	Taiyuan	亮
Min Bei	Jian'ou	光
Min Dong	Fuzhou	光
Min Nan	Xiamen	光
Min Nan	Chaozhou	光
Wu	Suzhou	亮
Wu	Wenzhou	光
Xiang	Changsha	亮、光
Xiang	Shuangfeng	亮、光

Compounds

Derived terms from 亮

不亮
了亮
亮像
亮光 (liàngguāng)
亮光光
亮光漆
亮光蠟／亮光蜡
亮兒／亮儿
亮堂 (liàngtáng)
亮堂堂
亮場子／亮场子
亮子 (liàngzi)
亮富
亮察
亮底兒／亮底儿
亮底牌
亮度 (liàngdù)
亮晃晃
亮晶晶 (liàngjīngjīng)
亮梆子
亮槅
亮漆
亮灼灼
亮片
亮盒子搖／亮盒子摇
亮直
亮相 (liàngxiàng)
亮眼人
亮票
亮節／亮节
亮紅燈／亮红灯
亮紗／亮纱
亮色調／亮色调
亮藍／亮蓝
亮話／亮话

亮醜／亮丑
亮錚錚／亮铮铮
亮鐘／亮钟
亮陰／亮阴
亮麗／亮丽 (liànglì)
俐亮
傍亮兒／傍亮儿
光亮 (guāngliàng)
利亮
嘹亮 (liáoliàng)
大天亮
大天白亮
天亮 (tiānliàng)
宏亮
庾亮
弼亮
心明眼亮
憀亮
打亮梆子
敞亮
明亮 (míngliàng)
明亮亮
明亮隔
明淨敞亮／明净敞亮
晶亮
晶晶亮亮
月亮 (yuèliàng)
月亮門兒／月亮门儿
油亮
洪亮 (hóngliàng)
清亮 (qīngliàng)
漂亮 (piàoliang)
漂亮話／漂亮话 (piàolianghuà)
瀏亮／浏亮

火亮
烏亮／乌亮
照亮 (zhàoliàng)
熠熠閃亮／熠熠闪亮
爍亮／烁亮
發亮／发亮 (fāliàng)
白得發亮／白得发亮
眼明心亮
瞭亮／了亮
矇矇亮／蒙蒙亮
破天亮
簡朝亮／简朝亮
翼亮
虯鏤亮槅／虬镂亮槅
見亮／见亮
諸葛亮／诸葛亮 (Zhūgě Liàng)
豁亮 (huòliàng)
豁達明亮／豁达明亮
貞亮／贞亮
貞風亮節／贞风亮节
趁亮兒／趁亮儿
蹦兒亮／蹦儿亮
透亮
通亮
閃亮／闪亮 (shǎnliàng)
陳亮／陈亮
雪亮
響亮／响亮 (xiǎngliàng)
響亮話／响亮话
高風亮節／高风亮节
鮮亮／鲜亮
鮮眉亮眼／鲜眉亮眼
麻麻亮
點亮／点亮 (diǎnliàng)

Japanese

Kanji

亮

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

clear
help

Readings

Goon: ろう (rō)^{←らう (rau, historical)}
Kan’on: りょう (ryō)^{←りやう (ryau, historical)}
Kun: あきらか (akiraka, 亮らか); すけ (suke, 亮)
Nanori: あき (aki); あきら (akira); きょう (kyō); たすく (tasuku); ふさ (fusa); まこと (makoto); よし (yoshi)

Compounds

亮月 (りょうげつ) (ryōgetsu): bright moonlight
亮察 (りょうさつ) (ryōsatsu): consideration
亮 (りょう)然 (ぜん) (ryōzen): clear, obvious
亮直 (りょうちょく) (ryōchoku): rightfulness
明 (めい)亮 (りょう) (meiryō): clarity

References

JIS: 4E3C
Kuten: 4628
Shift JIS: 97ba
EUC-JP: CEBC
Frequency: 1821
Nelson: 302

New Nelson: 95
Halpern: 2071
Halpern Learners: 1313
Heisig: 2920
Tuttle Kanji Dictionary: 2j7.6

Source: EDICT and KANJIDIC files licensed by the Electronic Dictionaries Research Group.

Proper noun

亮 (hiragana りょう, rōmaji Ryō, historical hiragana りやう)

A male given name

亮 (hiragana あきら, rōmaji Akira)

A male given name

Korean

Hanja

亮 • (ryang) (hangeul 량, revised ryang, McCune–Reischauer ryang)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

亮 (lượng)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

Nom Foundation

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