琴

琴 U+7434, 琴
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7434
← 琳
[U+7433] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 琵 →
[U+7435]

Translingual

Han character

琴 (radical 96, 玉+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 一土人戈弓 (MGOIN), four-corner 11207, composition ⿱玨今)

References

  • KangXi: page 735, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21079
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1147, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1119, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+7434

Chinese

trad. 琴
simp. # 琴
alt. forms
 
珡
𤦡
𤩟
琹
𨨖
𨪖
𩰔
䦦
𤫍
𨫹
䥅
䥆
𤫒

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 琴
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (今) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
貪 *kʰl'uːm
嗿 *l̥ʰuːmʔ
僋 *l̥ʰuːms, *luːms
酓 *qʰɯːm, *qlamʔ, *qlɯːms
馠 *qʰɯːm
谽 *qʰɯːm
唅 *qʰɯːm, *ɡɯːms
含 *ɡɯːm
肣 *ɡɯːm, *ɡɯːmʔ
頷 *ɡɯːm, *ɡɯːmʔ
筨 *ɡɯːm
梒 *ɡɯːm
鋡 *ɡɯːm
莟 *ɡɯːmʔ, *ɡɯːms
琀 *ɡɯːms
浛 *ɡɯːms
盦 *qɯːm, *qaːb
韽 *qɯːm, *qrɯːms
玪 *krɯːm
妗 *qʰrɯːm, *kʰjam, *qʰlɯːm, *ɡrɯms
欦 *qʰrɯːmʔ, *qʰram, *kʰlam, *kʰlamʔ, *qʰlɯːm
黔 *ɡram, *ɡrɯm
鈐 *ɡram
鳹 *ɡram
雂 *ɡram, *ɡrɯm
念 *nɯːms
梣 *sɡɯm, *sɡrɯm
枔 *sɢrɯm
岑 *sɡrɯm
笒 *sɡrɯm, *ɡrɯms
涔 *sɡrɯm
侺 *ɡjɯms
今 *krɯm
黅 *krɯm
衿 *krɯm
衾 *kʰrɯm
坅 *kʰrɯmʔ
搇 *kʰrɯms
琴 *ɡrɯm
禽 *ɡrɯm
芩 *ɡrɯm
庈 *ɡrɯm
耹 *ɡrɯm
靲 *ɡrɯm
擒 *ɡrɯm
檎 *ɡrɯm
紟 *ɡrɯms
吟 *ŋɡrɯm, *ŋɡrɯms
訡 *ŋɡrɯm
廞 *qʰrɯm, *qʰrɯmʔ
陰 *qrɯm
霠 *qrɯm
飲 *qrɯmʔ, *qrɯms
蔭 *qrɯms
廕 *qrɯms
矜 *ɡrɯn, *ɡɯn, *kɯŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡrɯm) : semantic 珡 + phonetic 今 (OC *krɯm).

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 琴
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 群 (30)
Final (韻) 侵 (140)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) Chongniu III
Fanqie 巨金切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɡˠiɪm/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɡᵚim/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ɡiem/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /gjim/
Li
Rong		 /ɡjəm/
Wang
Li		 /ɡĭĕm/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /gi̯əm/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 qín
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 琴
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 qín
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ gim ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[C.ɢ](r)[ə]m/
English lute

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 琴
Reading # 1/1
No. 6605
Phonetic
component		 今
Rime
group		 侵
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 琴
Old
Chinese		 /*ɡrɯm/

Definitions

琴

  1. (music) qin (“Chinese zithers”), referring to any of several traditional Chinese musical instruments, most famously the guqin
  2. † to play the qin
  3. (music) collective name for certain musical instruments, usually of string or keyboard types, such as piano, organ, violin, cello, huqin, accordion, harmonica, etc.
Descendants

Compounds

Etymology 2

See 琴日.

Pronunciation

Definitions

琴

  1. (Cantonese) yesterday

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

琴

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
琴
こと
Grade: S
kun’yomi

/ko2 oto2/ invalid IPA characters (22) → */kooto/ → /koto/

Likely from Old Japanese. Originally a compound of 木 (こ) (ko, “tree, wood”) + 音 (おと) (oto, “sound”), (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?) with the initial o dropped by haplology.

Compare 事 (koto).

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Noun

琴 (hiragana こと, rōmaji koto)

  1. koto: a Japanese traditional zither or harp, inspired by the guzheng (Chinese zither)
  2. (archaic) any stringed instrument
Usage notes
  • Usually spelled as 箏, for the "Chinese zither" sense.
Synonyms
  • (koto): 箏 (そう)の琴 (こと) (sō no koto)
Derived terms

Proper noun

琴 (hiragana こと, rōmaji Koto)

  1. a female given name
  2. a surname​.

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
琴
きん
Grade: S
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 琴 (MC ɡˠiɪm). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

The kan'on pronunciation, so likely a later borrowing.

Pronunciation

Noun

琴 (hiragana きん, rōmaji kin)

  1. qin (Chinese zither)
  2. Short for 古琴 (kokin, “guqin”).
Synonyms
  • 七弦琴 (しちげんきん) (shichigen-kin)
Derived terms
See also

Proper noun

琴 (hiragana きん, rōmaji Kin)

  1. a female given name
  2. a surname​.

Etymology 3

Various nanori readings.

Proper noun

琴 (hiragana くむ, rōmaji Kumu)

  1. a surname​.

琴 (hiragana ぐん, rōmaji Gun)

  1. a surname​.

琴 (hiragana ことえ, rōmaji Kotoe)

  1. a female given name

琴 (hiragana ことざき, rōmaji Kotozaki)

  1. a surname​.

琴 (hiragana ことみ, rōmaji Kotomi)

  1. a female given name

References

  1. 1 2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

琴 • (geum) (hangeul 금, revised geum, McCune–Reischauer kŭm, Yale kum)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds

Vietnamese

Han character

琴 (cầm)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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