井

See also: 丼 and 幷
井 U+4E95, 井
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E95
← 五
[U+4E94] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 亖 →
[U+4E96]

Translingual

Han character

井 (radical 7, 二+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 廿廿 (TT), four-corner 55000, composition ⿻一廾)

Derived characters

Descendants

References

  • KangXi: page 86, character 14
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 258
  • Dae Jaweon: page 183, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 10, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+4E95

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 井
alt. forms 丼

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 井
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Oracle bone script

j12550

j12551

j12552

j12553

j12554

j12555

j12556

j12557

j12558

j12559

j12560

j12561

j12562

j12563

j12564

j12565

j12566

j12567

j12568

j12569

j12570

j12571

j12572

j12573

j12574

j12575

Bronze inscriptions

b07748

b07749

b07750

b07751

b07752

b07753

b07754

b07755

b07756

b07757

b07758

b07759

b07760

b07761

b07762

b07763

b07764

b07765

b07766

b07767

b07768

b07769

b07770

b07771

b07772

b07773

b07774

b07775

b07776

b07777

b07778

b07779

b07780

Small seal script

s03663

Transcribed ancient scripts

L17889

L17890

L17891

L17892

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (井) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
硎 *kʰreːŋ, *ɡeːŋ
耕 *kreːŋ
荊 *keŋ
井 *skeŋʔ
丼 *kloːmʔ, *skeŋʔ
妌 *sɡeŋʔ
穽 *sɡeŋʔ, *sɡeŋs
阱 *sɡeŋʔ, *sɡeŋs
汫 *sɡeːŋʔ
刑 *ɡeːŋ
形 *ɡeːŋ
邢 *ɡeːŋ
鉶 *ɡeːŋ
型 *ɡeːŋ
侀 *ɡeːŋ

Pictogram (象形) – a square well, with supports on four sides.

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Note:
  • zeng2 - vernacular;
  • zing2 - literary.
Note:
  • chíⁿ/chéⁿ - vernacular;
  • chéng - literary.
Rime
Character 井
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 精 (13)
Final (韻) 清 (121)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 子郢切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /t͡siᴇŋX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /t͡siɛŋX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /t͡siæŋX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /t͡siajŋX/
Li
Rong		 /t͡siɛŋX/
Wang
Li		 /t͡sĭɛŋX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /t͡si̯ɛŋX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 jǐng
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 井
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 jǐng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ tsjengX ›
Old
Chinese		 /*C.tseŋʔ/
English well (n.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 井
Reading # 1/1
No. 6852
Phonetic
component		 井
Rime
group		 耕
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 井
Old
Chinese		 /*skeŋʔ/
Notes 丼注今體甲金文爲型初文

Definitions

井

  1. well (a hole sunk into the ground)
  2. well-shaped object; mineshaft, pit
  3. hometown
  4. neat; tidy
    井井有條 / 井井有条  ―  jǐngjǐngyǒutiáo  ―  neat and tidy
  5. 48th hexagram of the I Ching
  6. A surname​.

Compounds

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 井 – see 阱 (“pitfall, trap”).
(This character, 井, is the second-round simplified form of 阱.)
Notes:

Japanese

A well (井, 丼)

Kanji

井

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. well

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
井
い
Grade: S
kun’yomi

wi > i.

Pronunciation

Noun

井 (hiragana い, rōmaji i, historical hiragana ゐ)

  1. well
Derived terms

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
井
せい
Grade: S
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 井 (tsjengX).

Pronunciation

Noun

井 (hiragana せい, rōmaji sei)

  1. well, well curb
  2. Well (Chinese constellation)

References

  1. 1 2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

井 • (jeong) (hangeul 정, revised jeong, McCune–Reischauer chŏng, Yale ceng)

  1. well

Vietnamese

Han character

井 (tỉnh)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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