長者

Chinese

		long; length; forever long; length; forever; always; constantly; chief; head; elder; to grow; to develop	‑ist, ‑er (person); person (who does sth)
trad. (長者)		長	者
simp. (长者)		长	者

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zhǎngzhě

(Zhuyin): ㄓㄤˇ ㄓㄜˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zoeng² ze²
Min Nan (POJ): tióng-chiá

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: zhǎngzhě [Phonetic: zhángzhě]
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄤˇ ㄓㄜˇ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jaangjee
  - IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂɑŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: zoeng² ze²
  - Yale: jéung jé
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzoeng² dze²
  - Guangdong Romanization: zêng² zé²
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕœːŋ³⁵ t͡sɛː³⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tióng-chiá
  - Tâi-lô: tióng-tsiá
  - Phofsit Daibuun: diofngciar
  - IPA (Xiamen): /tiɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡ɕia⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tiɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡ɕia⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡ɕia⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /tiɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡ɕia⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tiɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡ɕia⁴¹/

Middle Chinese: /ʈɨɐŋ^X t͡ɕia^X/▼

Rime
Character	長	者
Reading #	2/3	1/1
Initial (聲)	知 (9)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)	麻 (100)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	知丈切	章也切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʈɨɐŋ^X/	/t͡ɕia^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈiɐŋ^X/	/t͡ɕia^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ȶiɑŋ^X/	/t͡ɕia^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈɨaŋ^X/	/cia^X/
Li Rong	/ȶiaŋ^X/	/t͡ɕia^X/
Wang Li	/ȶĭaŋ^X/	/t͡ɕĭa^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȶi̯aŋ^X/	/t͡ɕi̯a^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhǎng	zhě

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter-Sagart): /*traŋʔ tAʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*taŋʔ tjaːʔ/

Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	長	者
Reading #	2/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhǎng	zhě
Middle Chinese	‹ trjang^X ›	‹ tsyæ^X ›
Old Chinese	/*traŋʔ/	/*tAʔ/
English	grow; elder	(nominalizing particle)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	長	者
Reading #	1/3	1/1
No.	1263	16960
Phonetic component	長	者
Rime group	陽	魚
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	長	者
Old Chinese	/*taŋʔ/	/*tjaːʔ/
Notes		說文古旅聲。甲金文象足印小坎積水，爲瀦初文，用詹鄞鑫說

Noun

長者

elder; senior
rich person
high official in former times
well-known people; celebrity
a term of respect for a man.

Proper noun

長者

(Internet slang) Jiang Zemin

Japanese

Kanji in this term
長	者
ちょう Grade: 2	しゃ > じゃ Grade: 3
on’yomi

Pronunciation

On’yomi
- (Tokyo) ちょーじゃ [chòójá] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
- (Tokyo) ちょーじゃ [chóꜜòjà] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
- IPA^(key): [t͡ɕo̞ːʑa̠]

Noun

長者 (hiragana ちょうじゃ, rōmaji chōja, historical hiragana ちやうじや)

(also ちょうしゃ) elder; senior; a virtuous person
rich person
百 (ひゃく)万 (まん)長 (ちょう)者 (じゃ)、億 (おく)万 (まん)長 (ちょう)者 (じゃ)
hyakumanchōja, okumanchōja
millionaire, billionaire
leader of a lineage
(archaic) chief of a post station (shukuba)
(archaic) owner or leader of a brothel in a post station (shukuba)

References

1 2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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