躊躇

See also: 踌躇

Chinese

	phonetic
trad. (躊躇)	躊	躇
simp. (踌躇)	踌	躇
alt. forms	躊躕／踌蹰

Etymology

Reduplication with the original form of *du da.

Cognate with 躑躅 (*dek dok), 踟躕 (*de do), 彳亍 (*tʰek tʰok), all meaning "walking slowly or with difficulty > hesitant".

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): chóuchú

(Zhuyin): ㄔㄡˊ ㄔㄨˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): cau⁴ cyu⁴
Min Dong (BUC): tiù-tṳ̀
Min Nan (POJ): tiûⁿ-tû / tiû-tû / tiû-tîr / tiû-tî
Wu (Wiktionary): zeu zr (T3)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: chóuchú
  - Zhuyin: ㄔㄡˊ ㄔㄨˊ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chourchwu
  - IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰoʊ̯³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: cau⁴ cyu⁴
  - Yale: chàuh chyùh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsau⁴ tsy⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: ceo⁴ qu⁴
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɐu̯²¹ t͡ɕʰyː²¹/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: tiù-tṳ̀
  - IPA ^(key): /tʰieu⁵³⁻³³ ^(tʰ-)ly⁵³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiûⁿ-tû
  - Tâi-lô: tiûnn-tû
  - Phofsit Daibuun: dviu'duu
  - IPA (Xiamen): /tiũ²⁴⁻²² tu²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiũ¹³⁻²² tu¹³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiû-tû
  - Tâi-lô: tiû-tû
  - Phofsit Daibuun: diu'duu
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tiu²³⁻³³ tu²³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiu¹³⁻²² tu¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /tiu²⁴⁻¹¹ tu²⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /tiu²⁴⁻²² tu²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiû-tîr
  - Tâi-lô: tiû-tîr
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tiu²⁴⁻²² tɯ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiû-tî
  - Tâi-lô: tiû-tî
  - Phofsit Daibuun: diu'dii
  - IPA (Taipei): /tiu²⁴⁻¹¹ ti²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tiu²³⁻³³ ti²³/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: zeu zr (T3)
  - IPA ^(key): /z̻ɜ²² z̻z̩⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: /ɖɨu ɖɨʌ/▼

Rime
Character	躊	躇
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	澄 (11)	澄 (11)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)	魚 (22)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	直由切	直魚切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɖɨu/	/ɖɨʌ/
Pan Wuyun	/ɖiu/	/ɖiɔ/
Shao Rongfen	/ȡiəu/	/ȡiɔ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɖuw/	/ɖɨə̆/
Li Rong	/ȡiu/	/ȡiɔ/
Wang Li	/ȡĭəu/	/ȡĭo/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȡʱi̯ə̯u/	/ȡʱi̯wo/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chóu	chú

Verb

躊躇

to walk back and forth
to hesitate; to pause
- 聽完了我的話，老師躊躇了一會兒，才發表他的意見。 [MSC, trad.]
  听完了我的话，老师踌躇了一会儿，才发表他的意见。 [MSC, simp.]
  Tīng wán le wǒ de huà, lǎoshī chóuchú le yīhuìr, cái fābiǎo tā de yìjiàn. [Pinyin]
  After hearing me out, my teacher hesitated for a moment before stating his opinion.
- 耶穌若來，你準備好沒？不通躊躇，著掠住機會！ [Min Nan, trad.]
  耶稣若来，你准备好没？不通踌躇，着掠住机会！ [Min Nan, simp.]
  From: 生命弦 (LifeStrings), 耶稣欲搁来
  Ia-so͘ nā lâi, lí chún-pī hó bōe? M̄-thang tiû-tû, tio̍h lia̍h tiâu ki-hōe! [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
  If Jesus comes, are you ready yet? Don't hesitate! Hold onto the opportunity!

Synonyms

遲疑／迟疑 (chíyí)
猶豫／犹豫 (yóuyù)

Derived terms

肚裡躊躇／肚里踌躇
躊躇不決／踌躇不决

躊躇未決／踌躇未决

Adjective

躊躇

(literary) smug; complacent; self-satisfied

Synonyms

志得意滿／志得意满 (zhìdéyìmǎn)

Derived terms

躊躇滿志／踌躇满志

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (躊躇):

Japanese: 躊 (ちゅう)躇 (ちょ) (chūcho)
Korean: 주저 (躊躇, jujeo)
Vietnamese: trù trừ (躊躇)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
躊	躇
ちゅう Hyōgaiji	ちょ Hyōgaiji
on’yomi

Etymology

From Middle Chinese compound 躊躇 (djhiou trhjak).

Pronunciation

On’yomi: Kan’on
- (Tokyo) ちゅうちょ [chúꜜùchò] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
- IPA^(key): [t͡ɕɨᵝːt͡ɕo̞]

Noun

躊躇 (hiragana ちゅうちょ, rōmaji chūcho, historical hiragana ちうちょ)

hesitation, indecision, wavering

Synonyms

躊躇 (ためら)い (tamerai)
遅 (ち)疑 (ぎ) (chigi)
逡 (しゅん)巡 (じゅん) (shunjun)
猶 (ゆう)予 (よ) (yūyo)

Verb

躊躇する (hiragana ちゅうちょする, rōmaji chūcho suru, historical hiragana ちうちょする)

to hesitate, to be undecided, to waver
- 2011, Barack Obama, 中東と北アフリカに関するバラク・オバマの演説:
  躊 (ちゅう)躇 (ちょ)する訳 (わけ)にはゆかないのである
  chūcho suru wake ni wa yukanai no de aru
  we cannot hesitate

Conjugation

Conjugation of "躊躇する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	躊躇し	ちゅうちょし	chūcho shi
Continuative (連用形)	躊躇し	ちゅうちょし	chūcho shi
Terminal (終止形)	躊躇する	ちゅうちょする	chūcho suru
Attributive (連体形)	躊躇する	ちゅうちょする	chūcho suru
Hypothetical (仮定形)	躊躇すれ	ちゅうちょすれ	chūcho sure
Imperative (命令形)	躊躇せよ¹ 躊躇しろ²	ちゅうちょせよ¹ ちゅうちょしろ²	chūcho seyo¹ chūcho shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	躊躇される	ちゅうちょされる	chūcho sareru
Causative	躊躇させる躊躇さす	ちゅうちょさせるちゅうちょさす	chūcho saseru chūcho sasu
Potential	躊躇できる	ちゅうちょできる	chūcho dekiru
Volitional	躊躇しよう	ちゅうちょしよう	chūcho shiyō
Negative	躊躇しない	ちゅうちょしない	chūcho shinai
Negative continuative	躊躇せず	ちゅうちょせず	chūcho sezu
Formal	躊躇します	ちゅうちょします	chūcho shimasu
Perfective	躊躇した	ちゅうちょした	chūcho shita
Conjunctive	躊躇して	ちゅうちょして	chūcho shite
Hypothetical conditional	躊躇すれば	ちゅうちょすれば	chūcho sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

Synonyms

ぐずぐず (guzuguzu)
躊躇 (ためら)う (tamerau)
遅 (ち)疑 (ぎ) (chigi)
逡 (しゅん)巡 (じゅん) (shunjun)
猶 (ゆう)予 (よ) (yūyo)

References

↑ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan

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[DJR-1] 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN