牢

牢	U+7262, 牢 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7262

← 牡
[U+7261]

CJK Unified Ideographs

牣 →
[U+7263]

Translingual

Han character

牢 (radical 93 牛+3, 7 strokes, cangjie input 十竹手 (JHQ), four-corner 3050₂, composition ⿱宀牛)

References

KangXi: page 698, character 1

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19934

Dae Jaweon: page 1110, character 2

Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 1802, character 6

Unihan data for U+7262

Chinese

simp. and trad.		牢

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 牢
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (牢) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
牢	*ruː
窂	*ruː
哰	*ruː

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): láo (lao²)

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄠˊ

(Chengdu, SP): nao²
Cantonese (Jyutping): lou⁴
Jin (Wiktionary): lau¹
Min Dong (BUC): lò̤
Min Nan (POJ): lâu / tiâu / láu / lô / lô͘
Wu (Wiktionary): lau (T3)
Xiang (Wiktionary): lau²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: láo
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄠˊ
  - Wade–Giles: lao²
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lau
  - IPA ^(key): /lɑʊ̯³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: nao²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: lao
  - IPA ^(key): /nau²¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: lou⁴
  - Yale: lòuh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: lou⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: lou⁴
  - IPA ^(key): /lou̯²¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: lau¹
  - IPA (old-style): /lau¹¹/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: lò̤
  - IPA ^(key): /l̃o⁵³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lâu
  - Tâi-lô: lâu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: laau
  - IPA (Xiamen): /laʊ²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /laʊ¹³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiâu
  - Tâi-lô: tiâu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: diaau
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /tiaʊ²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tiaʊ²³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiaʊ¹³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: láu
  - Tâi-lô: láu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lao
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /laʊ⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lô
  - Tâi-lô: lô
  - Phofsit Daibuun: looi
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /lo¹³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /lɤ²³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /lo²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lô͘
  - Tâi-lô: lôo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: loo
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /lɔ²⁴/

Note:

lâu - vernacular;
tiâu/láu - vernacular (俗);
lô/lô͘ - literary.

Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: lau (T3)
  - IPA ^(key): /lɔ²³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: lau²
  - IPA ^(key): /lɒu¹³/

Dialectal data▼

Variety	Location	edit 牢
Mandarin	Beijing	/lɑu³⁵/
	Harbin	/lau²⁴/
	Tianjin	/lɑu⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/lɔ⁴²/
	Qingdao	/lɔ⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/lau⁴²/
	Xi'an	/lau²⁴/
	Xining	/lɔ²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/lɔ⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/lɔ⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/lɔ⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/nau²¹³/
	Chengdu	/nau³¹/
	Guiyang	/nao²¹/
	Kunming	/lɔ³¹/
	Nanjing	/lɔo²⁴/
	Hefei	/lɔ⁵⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/lau¹¹/
	Pingyao	/lɔ¹³/
	Hohhot	/lɔ³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/lɔ²³/
	Suzhou	/læ¹³/
	Hangzhou	/lɔ²¹³/
	Wenzhou	/lɜ³¹/
Hui	Shexian	/lɔ⁴⁴/
Hui	Tunxi	/lə⁴⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/lau¹³/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/naɯ¹²/
Gan	Nanchang	/lɑu⁴⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/lau¹¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/lou²¹/
	Nanning	/lu²¹/
	Hong Kong	/lou²¹/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/lau³⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/lo⁵³/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/lau³³/ 名 /lau²¹/ 形
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/lao⁵⁵/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/lau³¹/

Middle Chinese: /lɑu/▼

Rime
Character	牢
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	豪 (89)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	魯刀切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɑu/
Pan Wuyun	/lɑu/
Shao Rongfen	/lɑu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/law/
Li Rong	/lɑu/
Wang Li	/lɑu/
Bernard Karlgren	/lɑu/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	láo

Old Chinese▼
(Zhengzhang): /*ruː/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	牢
Reading #	1/1
No.	7644
Phonetic component	牢
Rime group	幽
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	勞
Old Chinese	/*ruː/

Definitions

牢

prison; jail
- 監牢 / 监牢 ― jiānláo ― prison
pen; enclosure
- 亡羊補牢，猶未遲也。 [MSC, trad.]
  亡羊补牢，犹未迟也。 [MSC, simp.]
  Wáng yáng bǔ láo, yóu wèi chí yě. [Pinyin]
  Repairing a sheep pen only after a sheep is lost is not considered tardy.
firm; fast; durable
dependable; reliable
animal used for sacrificing
- 太牢 ― tàiláo ― animal used for sacrificing

Compounds

不牢
中牢
久慣牢成／久惯牢成
亡羊補牢／亡羊补牢 (wángyángbǔláo)
劫牢
南牢
命不牢
囚牢 (qiúláo)
地牢 (dìláo)
坐牢 (zuòláo)
堅牢／坚牢 (jiānláo)
夜役軍牢／夜役军牢
大牢 (dàláo)
大發牢騷／大发牢骚
天牢
太牢 (tàiláo)
套牢 (tàoláo)
女牢
少牢
打鳳牢龍／打凤牢龙
把牢 (bǎláo)
抓牢
押牢
拖牢洞

持牢
提牢
提牢官
死囚牢
滿肚牢騷／满肚牢骚
滿腹牢騷／满腹牢骚
牛驥共牢／牛骥共牢
牢不可拔
牢不可破
牢九
牢固 (láogù)
牢城
牢子
牢定
牢愁
牢成
牢成久慣／牢成久惯
牢房 (láofáng)
牢拴
牢牢 (láoláo)
牢獄／牢狱 (láoyù)
牢獄之災／牢狱之灾
牢盆
牢眼

牢穩／牢稳
牢籠／牢笼 (láolóng)
牢籠計／牢笼计
牢落
牢角底
牢記／牢记 (láojì)
牢醴
牢靠 (láokào)
牢頭／牢头
牢頭禁子／牢头禁子
牢飯／牢饭
牢騷／牢骚 (láosāo)
牢騷滿腹／牢骚满腹
畫地為牢／画地为牢
當牢節級／当牢节级
發牢騷／发牢骚 (fāláosāo)
皋牢
監牢／监牢 (jiānláo)
蒲牢 (púláo)
虎牢關／虎牢关 (Hǔláo Guān)
軍牢／军牢
軍牢快手／军牢快手
顧犬補牢／顾犬补牢
餼牢／饩牢

Japanese

Kanji

牢

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

Readings

Goon: ろう (rō)^{←らう (rau, historical)}
Kan’on: ろう (rō)^{←らう (rau, historical)}
Kun: ひとや (hitoya, 牢); かたい (katai, 牢い)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
牢
ろう Hyōgaiji
on’yomi

Pronunciation

On’yomi
- (Tokyo) ろー [róꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]^[2]
- IPA^(key): [ɾo̞ː]

Alternative forms

籠

Noun

牢 (hiragana ろう, rōmaji rō, historical hiragana らう)

prison

Synonyms

監獄 (かんごく) (kangoku), 牢 (ろう)屋 (や) (rōya)

References

↑ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
↑ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

牢 • (roe, noe, ro, no) (hangeul 뢰, 뇌, 로, 노, revised roe, noe, ro, no, McCune–Reischauer roe, noe, ro, no, Yale loy, noy, lo, no)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Okinawan

Kanji

牢 (hiragana るー, romaji rū)

Noun

牢 (hiragana るー, romaji rū)

prison

Synonyms

監獄 (かんぐく, kanguku), 牢屋 (るーや, rūya)

Derived terms

牢屋 (るーや, rūya, “prison”)

References

沖縄語辞典 (Okinawago Jiten, “Okinawan Dictionary”)‎, 1963

Vietnamese

Han character

Hán Việt: lao, lào, sao, sau

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

[DJR-1] 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-2] 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN